Randy Final Review Flashcards
Pick the hypertensive crisis patient
52-year-old female with a facial droop and a blood pressure 180/120
Patients have generalized weakness and malaise. She’s alert and oriented, no difficulty breathing, um some tenderness in the right upper quadrant, all lung sounds clear. O2 IV monitor
O2 IV monitor
Your patient is complaining of weakness and dizziness. Her family members say that she’s been in and out of consciousness. She has a history of an MI, hypertension, and pancreatitis. Heart rate of 132, respirations are 32 with rails, pulse ox of 88, blood pressure 70/36, sinus tach on the monitor, non-diagnostic 12 lead. She’s cool, diaphoretic, mildly cyanotic. What do you think is going on with her?
Cardiogenic shock
84-year-old acute CHF goals and the management of this patient are aimed at
Improving myocardial contractility, decreasing preload, and decreasing afterload
You initiate transcutaneous pacing on a 75-year-old male with a heart rate of 38 and poor perfusion. How do you verify mechanical capture?
Pulse and blood pressure
A young woman with a history of Graves’ disease is currently experiencing agitation, confusion, abdominal pain. Her skin is hot to the touch and dry, and her heart rate is 140. You suspect
Thyroid storm
When blood glucose levels rise, the secretion of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas increases. This is an example of
Negative feedback
DKA occurs when certain acids accumulate because of what?
Not enough insulin
Pre-hospital management of DKA includes what?
Administration of insulin and glucose
Unlike exocrine glands, endocrine glands do what?
Have ducts that carry their secretions into a body cavity
Two signs or symptoms associated with hypothyroidism
Sluggish reflexes and irritability
Know the differences between myxedema coma, Addisonian crisis, and acute hyperthyroidism
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The most immediate and significant complication of sodium associated with a hemorrhagic stroke is
Increased intracranial pressure
3 lead
Sinus bradycardia
You go on scene for an 18-year-old patient actively seizing according to the mother, who has been seizing for the past 10 minutes. The patient’s cyanotic, breathing erratically, and has generalized muscle twitching to all extremities. What do you want to do?
Open his airway and begin assisting his ventilations
Which of the following cranial nerves are assessed when you ask a patient to follow your finger with their eyes as you move it in an H shape?
Ocular, trochlear, and abducens
A 7-year-old patient experienced a strange event. She was sitting at the dinner table and then suddenly stopped speaking and started blinking her eyes very rapidly. The episode lasted less than one minute, after which the child’s condition returned to normal. This clinical presentation is most consistent with
Absence seizures
You go on scene for a 53-year-old patient with tonic-clonic seizure activity. The family states the patient complained of the worst headache ever and went to lie down. Approximately 10 minutes later, they heard a noise in the room and found the patient seizing. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes only over-the-counter vitamins. You suspect
Hemorrhagic stroke
A reflex differs from an intentional action because
A reflex bypasses conscious control and the signal doesn’t go to the brain
What type of skull fractures are most common following high-energy direct trauma to a small surface area of the head with a blunt object?
Depressed
50-year-old man working on his car, the jacks collapsed, and the car landed on his chest. The assessment reveals profound cyanosis and swelling to the chest and face, agonal respirations, and a weak carotid pulse. The patient will benefit most from
Aggressive airway management and rapid transport
A young man was assaulted and has extensive maxillofacial injuries. The primary assessment reveals that he’s semi-conscious, has shallow breathing, and has blood draining from the corner of his mouth. The initial management involves
Manually stabilizing his head in a neutral position, suctioning his oral pharynx, and assisting ventilations with a BVM and 100% O2
A patient with suspected spinal trauma who is in her last trimester of pregnancy has become hypotensive. What should you do?
Tilt the backboard to the left side
Select three early signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Early signs
Headache, vomiting, irregular heart rate
(GCS) An adult patient presents to you by opening his eyes
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Four questions: APGAR scale or GCS
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An unresponsive adult patient with signs of anaphylactic shock requires immediate what?
0.5 mg of EPI IM
A 31-year-old man presents with diffuse hives, intense itching, watery eyes that began acutely about an hour ago. He is conscious, alert, breathing normally, and denies any allergies or significant medical problems. Vital signs are stable, but he’s a little tachycardic. The most appropriate drug dose for this patient is
Benadryl 25-50mg
A 20-year-old woman complains of difficulty breathing and feels a growing lump in her throat approximately 10 minutes after being stung by a wasp. What should you do?
Administer EPI IM, IV, monitor vitals, give O2, consider Benadryl and dexamethasone
What is an antigen most accurately defined as?
A substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies
Hypotension secondary to histamine release is due to what?
Profound bradycardia and vascular dilation
A kid was stung by a bee at a playground. The patient states his arm hurts near the site of the sting, and he’s afraid of bees, but the patient’s mother is concerned because she is allergic to bees and carries a prescribed EpiPen. The child shows redness and swelling at the site. Your treatment should include scraping the stinger away and
Apply a cold compress, and transport to the closest hospital
Leukotrienes are released secondary to histamine and worsen an anaphylactic reaction by
Increased permeability and causing edema
You’re treating a child who weighs 44 lbs for anaphylaxis. You should administer
EPI 0.15mL, Benadryl 0.4mL, and Albuterol 3mL (2.5mg)
Exposure to organophosphates would result in
Excessive lacrimation
The most important prehospital treatment intervention for a patient with CO poisoning is
Removing the patient from the exposure environment
The hyperpnea and tachypnea associated with methyl alcohol intoxication is secondary to
Metabolic acidosis
A breath that smells like acetone is usually following the ingestion of
Isopropyl alcohol
A kid in the backyard, a 3-year-old, is actually eating mud pies. You mention this to your friend, and she says that he does that all the time. She later tells you that she’s noticed her son behaving oddly at times, as though he is confused and unable to walk normally. Knowing she lives in an inner-city rural home, you become concerned that her child may be suffering from
Lead poisoning
Lyrica is commonly prescribed for
Nerve pain
Heat lost from air currents passing over the body is called
Convection
One mechanism for increasing heat loss is
Vasodilation
You are treating a patient with a heat emergency. What should you do?
Move the patient to a cooler area
The diagnosis of heat stroke is usually made when a patient has a high core body temperature and an absence of sweating. True or False?
TRUE
A 12-year-old male patient rode his bicycle into traffic and was struck on his left side. He has fractures of the 9th or 11th ribs on the left side. He’s pale and confused and sweating heavily. Breath sounds are present bilaterally. The left upper quadrant of the abdomen is tender. He also complains of pain in his left shoulder, which appears to be uninjured. You suspect an injury of the
Spleen
Tarry stool results from a significant bleed in the upper GI tract. What is it called?
Melena
Inflammation of the membranes that may result from chemical irritation or bacterial invasion of the sterile abdominal cavity is called
Peritonitis
Telescoping or folding of a bowel into an adjacent section is called
Intussusception
A 35-year-old single patient complains of right upper and lower quadrant pain that radiates down his right leg. He’s awake and oriented to person, place, time, and event. He states that his right leg also feels numb. His history includes hypertension. You should suspect
AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)
Yellowish color of the skin, what’s that called?
Jaundice
Patients with peptic ulcer disease are often infected by
H. pylori
A condition that can cause pain commonly mistaken as cardiac in origin and esophageal erosion is the flow of gastric contents up into the esophagus (Sophus). What is it called?
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Firefighters overcome by toxic fumes and later experience severe dyspnea, rails crackles, and cough up pink frothy sputum. What condition do you suspect?
ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
A young woman approaches you complaining of sudden severe unexplained dyspnea and chest pain. She is healthy, doesn’t drink but smokes, and her only medication is birth control pills. What do you suspect?
Pulmonary thromboembolism
