119 Mod 4 Neurology and GI Flashcards
1
Q
COMA causes acronym
A
AEIOU
Alcohol epilepsy insulin overdose uremia
Uremia is kidney dysfunction that results in buildup of waste products in the blood
2
Q
Stroke syncope headache and seizures are what type of neurological disorders
A
Vascular
3
Q
3-month-old and breathing crying active hands and feet blue not eating what is the treatment
A
Primary and secondary assess transport ECG monitor
4
Q
What is the difference between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke
A
Hemorrhagic usually precipitated by worse headache rapid loss of conscious extreme hypertension
Ischemic is usually slower to develop and rarely leads to death in the first hour
5
Q
What are neurons coated with
A
Myelin sheath - Aids in Signal transmission
6
Q
Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s dementia and multiple sclerosis are what type of neurological disorders
A
Neoplasm degenerative
7
Q
Treatments for neurological disorders
Medication’s to consider (3)
A
Considered Narcan dextrose thiamine 100 mg
8
Q
What is muscular dystrophy
A
Genetic degeneration of muscle tissue
2-5 yrs males
9
Q
Contractions of body into bizarre positions 
A
Dystonia
10
Q
nausea vomiting is a sign of what type of stroke
A
Hemorrhagic
11
Q
What is Huntington’s chorea
A
Progressive atrophy of the brain
Personality changes memory lapses loss of judgment
And voluntary movements
12
Q
Which subdivision of the brain is responsible for judgment and prediction of the consequences of actions
A
Frontal
13
Q
High levels of CO2 will _____ the vessels in the brain
Low levels of CO2 will ______ the vessels in the brain
A
High - dilate
Low - constrict
This is why we consider controlled hyperventilation of head injury patients with ICP
14
Q
What the difference in signs with Bells Palsy and Stroke?
A
Bells - inability to close one eye, gradually over hours or days, eye lid drooping
Stroke - sudden, weakness on one side. eye does not raise higher than the other
In some cases of Bell’s palsy, the unaffected I may appear to be raised due to the muscle loss and tone on the affected side
15
Q
What are the three treatments for end-stage renal disease ESRD
A
Hemodialysis - blood dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis - dialysis fluids infused in the abdominal cavity
Renal transplant - kidney transplant
Renal disease The disease of the kidney
16
Q
What is the medical term for cancer?
A
Neoplasm 
17
Q
Everyday autism care
A
Develop and language skills
18
Q
The condition that strikes the voluntary motor neurons, causing their death disease is characterized by fatigue and general weakness of the muscles also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. Eventually, the patient becomes and unable to walk, speak or eat.
A
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
19
Q
3 parts of Cincinnati stroke
A
speech
arm drift
facial droop
20
Q
What type of trauma is epitaxis
A
Nose bleed, digital trauma
21
Q
What is normal paCO2
A
35-45mm Hg
22
Q
What does the adrenal gland produce
A
Epi
23
Q
What type of Med is cephalexm
A
Antibiotic
24
Q
Gland but important essential, bodily functions, such as temperature, hunger thirst and hormone secretion
A
Hypothalamus
25
What are signs and symptoms you may see with each
Brudzinskis sign
Kernigs Sign
Cerebral aneurysms
Meningitis
Brudzinskis sign - involuntary flexion of the hips and knees occur when the neck is flexed, indicates meningitis
Kernigs Sign - flexes the hip of a patient causing pain in the hamstring muscles. Sign of meningitis.
Cerebral aneurysms - loss of visual fields confusion slurred speech weakness vomiting seizures
Meningitis - back pain headache photophobia
Meningitis is an infection of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord often caused by bacterial or viral infection
26
What does BE FAST stand for
(and G)
(g is for grip)
27
What are the two types of strokes?
Ischemic and hemorrhagic
28
What is conjugate gaze
when the eyes move in sync with each other
29
pre Hospital anaphylaxis is a sign of
Angio edema
30
What are the 5 types of generalized (whole brain) seizures
MAATT
1. Myoclonic - Quick jerks
2. Atonic - Drops to the floor
3. Absent (petit mal) - Blank, confusion
4. Tonic-clonic (grand mal) - alternating stiffening movement
5. Tonic - Stiffening
31
What part of the brain controls balance
Cerebellum
32
What is the phrase to memorize cranial nerves
Ooh ooh ooh to touch and feel very good Velvet such heaven
33
An autoimmune condition in which the body attacks the myelin, that insulates the brain and spinal cord
Multiple sclerosis
34
A temporary paralysis of cranial nerve seven, which controls muscles on each side of the face
Bell’s palsy
35
Rule of nines bonfire burn
27
36
What happens during leukotrienes
It's released after histamine worsens anaphylaxis increases Bronchoconstriction
They are molecules produced by immune cells, play a key role in inflammatory response of the body, because constriction of the airways increase mucus production, inflammation and recruitment of immune cells due to an allergen or irritant
37
What are the four types of neurological disorders
(Neoplasm)degenerative
Developmental
Infectious
Vascular
38
You’re treating a 22-year-old male was having a seizure at this time. He is still except for his left arm which is rocking back-and-forth and arrhythmic motion. What kind of activity is this?
Clonic activity
39
Name and describe three different headaches
Migraine severe pulsating headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting and light sensitivity
Tension doll diffuse head pain from muscle contractions
Cluster pain behind one or both eyes from histamine release
40
What is the circle of Willis
It provides an important safeguard to the pressure and supply of blood to parts of the brain in the event of blockage
Joining of arteries
41
When bacteria die inside of a body they release a protein that is called an
Endotoxin
42
Inflammation of the ileum, and possibly other portions of the gastrointestinal tract in which the immune system attacks portions of the intestinal walls, causing them to become scarred, narrow, stiff, and weeks
Crohn’s disease
43
Name three types of neurological disorders
Stroke seizure meningitis multiple sclerosis migraine polio ALS
44
Cerebral palsy and spina bifida are what type of neurological disorder
Developmental
45
What is the what part of the kidney forms urine
And how many does each kidney contain
The Nephron
About 1 million nephrons
46
What may be the cause of rhonchi and the lungs
Pneumonia
47
Patient has uticardia and wheezing what is the treatment
Two rounds of Epi plus an Epi infusion
48
Patients who develop renal failure tend to develop what acid base and balance
Metabolic acidosis - if kidneys are failing then patient is unable to eliminate acids
49
What Anatomy makes the peripheral nervous system
Cranial nerves and peripheral nerves
50
What is ringing of the ear called
Tinnitus
51
What happens if no ADH is produced
Increased urine production occurs
52
A neurological condition in which the portion of the brain responsible for production of dopamine has been damaged or overuse resulting in tremors 
Parkinson’s disease
53
Signs of diarrhea mass
with the front of the neck and eyes protruding
Graves’ disease
Hypothyroidism cause bulging eyes, anxiety, weight loss, fatigue, in increase heart rate
54
Signs of partial seizures
single limb, isolated motor response
conscious and alert but no control of a limb
55
Define the Monro Kelly Doctrine
It means that the skull is a box that cannot expand
If one thing increases the others must decrease
56
What is myasthenia gravis
Body creates antibodies against acetylcholine, muscle weakness
Symptoms are weakness in the arms and leg muscles double vision and difficulties with speech and chewing, droopy eyelid and mouth
It’s a neural muscular disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue, often affecting the eyes face throat and limbs
57
Involuntary, rhythmic, shaking of the eyes 
Nystagmus
58
What is visceral pain
Dull poorly localized pain, hollow organs
59
What is the other name of Zofran and dose
Ondanzatron, 8 mg
60
Define aura
Sensory perception sight smell taste selling the proceeds and neuro illness or seizure
61
Name Two primary chemical mediators
Histamines and leukotrienes
62
The signs of Cushing's Triad
Increase the systolic pressure widening pulse pressure
Decrease in pulse rate
Irregular respiratory pattern
63
True or false an aura will proceed a generalized grand mal seizure
 False
64
What is polio
It's a fecal oral viral infection
Flu-like symptoms to muscle paralysis
Destroys nerve cells and spinal cord causing muscle paralysis
65
What happens during histamine release
Increase in vascular permeability and Bronco constriction
66
With stroke when should you consider air transport
if the distance to stroke center is greater than 1 hour
67
Two types of coma and the signs of them
Structural - unequal pupils asymmetrical deficits, rapid onset
Toxic - Symmetrical deficits, equal pupils, slower on set
68
9-year-old male minor in an mvc with autism how do you assess?
Assess distal then proximal
69
Medication for tachycardia
Afib and aflutter
Diltiazem 0.25mg/kg
70
What Med can you give for abdominal pain
Morphine 2 to 4 mg
71
Inflammation of pouches in the colon dispatches form as a result of difficulty, moving feces through the colon. Leading to inflammation and infection.
Diverticulitis
72
Disease of Low corticosteroids
Addison's
It’s a disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol
Symptoms are fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, low blood pressure
73
Involuntarily, jerking motions of the body
 Myoclonus
74
What do neurotransmitters do
And what are the 5
Transmit signals across synapses regulating body functions
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
75
One of the two main types of stroke occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain 
Hemorrhagic  stroke
76
What is multiple sclerosis
It's an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the myelin sheath
77
what Anatomy makes the central nervous system (3)
Brain and brain stem, spinal cord
78
Respiratory acidosis paCO2 amount
PaCO2 60
79
What is somatic pain
Sharp localized pain, parietal peritoneum
80
What are the two types of generalized seizures?
Tonic clonic an absence
81
Chemicals that relay electrically conducted signals from one neuron to another are called
Neurotransmitters
82
What is dystonia
Severe abnormal muscle spasms painful contortions repetitive movements
83
One of the two main types of stroke also called an inclusive stroke, occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by blockage 
Ischemic stroke
84
3-year-old unresponsive with secretions what is the first treatment
Suction Airway
85
What is dysconjugate gaze
discoordinaton between the movement of the two eyes
86
After an organ transplant the patient has red warm edema
what is happening
Transplant rejection
87
Arterial blood supply to the brain comes from
Vertebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
88
What is the main concern with swelling and tooth infection
Protect Airway
89
GCS
13
90
What does the parietal part of the brain do
Touch and texture
91
Hypoglycemic what happens to the brain during?
Brain can't metabolize
92
What might a diabetic type 1 patient use
Insulin pump
93
The presence of stones within the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis
94
True or false the nervous system is responsible for the heart rhythm
 False
95
Lou Gehrig's disease is also known as
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Death of voluntary motor neurons
96
Anaphylactic (allergen) vs
anaphylactoid (no allergen)
97
Patient has a headache plus swelling what is this an indication of
Hypertension, weight gain muscle weakness, irritability
Cushing syndrome
It can cause symptoms to mimic a migraine, headache, such as sensitivity to light and nausea. It can also cause, edema and swelling.
It’s a disorder caused by higher levels of cortisol hormone in the body
98
What is the function of the large intestines
Water reabsorption, formation of feces
99
What happens to the brain when paco2 is below normal
Vasal constriction occurs producing cerebral ischemia
100
A weak area, Nicole in the begins to have small outcropping to turn into pouches
Diverticulum
101
Treatment for 12-year-old vent dependent increasing fever
IV transport with Vent
102
What do adrenal hormones create
Corticosteroids
103
What are two methods to access pain in unresponsive patient
pressure to finger nail
pressure to the supraorbital foramen, notch near bridge of the nose
104
Which phase is tonic
Which phase is clonic?
tonic - stiffing
clonic - is contracting
105
What are possible complications
For each
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Renal transplant
Hemodialysis - electrolyte and balance bleeding from the fistula machine malfunction
Peritoneal dialysis - high risk infection abdominal pain fluid retention
Renal transplant- surgical infection rejection
106
Type of seizure movement involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups 
Clonic
107
Unresponsive cold to the touch
myxedema coma
It’s a life-threatening condition that can occur in severe hypothyroidism leading to altered mental status, and organ failure
108
28-year-old history of pheothromoytoma disorder. What gland is affected?
It’s a rare tumor of the adrenal gland.
Symptoms include high, blood pressure, palpitations, headaches, sweating, and anxiety
The adrenal gland causes excessive production of catecholamines
109
Where does blood from the brain eventually drain into
Internal jugular veins
110
Define the following seizure types
Absence seizure
tonic seizure
Colonic seizure
Jacksonian March seizure
Absence seizure - loss of consciousness without convulsions
Tonic seizure - sustained muscle contractions leading to loss of conscious and fall
Colonic seizure - repetitive rhythmic jerking movements
Jacksonian March- motor seizure that starts with one part of the body and spreads
111
Diabetic with kuzmals has what type of metabolic action
Metabolic acidosis
112
Positive feedback loop
Childbirth
113
When the brain receives too much oxygen can cause increased intercranial pressure what happens to the cerebral arteries during this time
  they vasodilate
114
What does the temporal part of the brain do
Hearing and smell, language
115
SIDS, birth
4 months
116
13-month-old patient hydroclophalus, two days vomiting, what might be the problem
VP shunt
117
What is meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges CSF
Bacterial is rapid
Viral is slow onset from nose and throat
Symptoms are headache nausea vomiting photophobia seizures
118
What does bright red stool indicate
Bleeding is in the lower GI tract
119
inflammation of the esophagus
Cholangitis
120
What type of medicine on hydrochloride
Anxiety medication
121
Word for Abdominal edema typically signaling liver failure
 Ascites
122
What are the 3 parts of the LAMS scale
Facial Drop - 0 absent/ 1 present
Arm Drift - 0 absent/ 1 slow/ 2 rapid
Grip Strength - 0 norm / 1 weak/ 2 none
123
What is the function of the small intestines
Major site for digestion and absorption of food
124
What happens during gluconeogenesis
Form of fatty acids
The body produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol for energy
125
When a patient has increased intercranial, pressure and heart rate and respiratory rate will?
while, the blood pressure will?
Decrease
Increase
126
What is the difference between acute and chronic renal failure
Acute - may occur over several days some do fully recovered
Chronic - progressive and irreversible permanent loss of nephrons develops over months to years often related to diabetes and hypertension
127
What is so good cerebral perfusion pressure
At least 50 to 60 mm/hg
CPP = map - ICP
128
This type of dystonia as quick jerky, irregular and unpredictable movements found in the face arms and hands
Chorelform movements
129
Blood glucose is up and beta cells are up
Negative feedback
130
Components of the diencephalon include the
Hypothalamus and Thalamus the limbic system
The diencephalon is part of the brain that relays sensory and motor signals between the brain stem in the cerebral cortex
131
What are the signs of post cerebellar stroke
vision changes, dizziness, headache, equilibrium (test walking)
not typical cincinnati
132
What is Dementia and Alzheimer's
Chronic deterioration of Personality memory and thinking ability
133
You have a 54 year old patient with facial droop weak grip strength and can't hold his arms up what is his LAMS score
Facial Group 1 plus 2 for arms falling rapidly plus one for weak grip strength
LAMS - 4
134
A rare condition that begins as a sensation of weakness and tingling in the legs, moving to the arms and thorax, and can lead to paralysis within two weeks
Guillian bare
135
Patient is comatose dehydrated sick for one week, what might be happening
HHS
Hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic state occurs with people with diabetes, where there’s a very high concentration of sugar in the blood, which can lead to dehydration and comatose
136
Your patient suffers from an auto immune disorder in which the body a text to Mylan sheath. What is this called?
Multiple sclerosis
137
What area of the brain access a relay center to filter in prioritize, the information that you need for conscious thoughts
Diencephalon
138
What happens during dka
What Respiratory things will happen
Patient blows off CO2, hyperventilate
139
31-year-old burn to the eye, first action
Appropriate BSI
140
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
141
What is dark Tary stool called and what does it indicate
Melina - indicates upper GI bleeding
142
With the saliva do
It helps food travel through the esophagus
Has enzymes that break down starches and carbs
143
Glucose is fuel for a brain a normal reading is?
 60 to 120 mg/dL
144
A neurotransmitter is a chemical released into?
And helps make the connection between?
Synapse
Neurons
145
What three substances fill the skull
The brain, blood, cerebrospinal fluid
146
Bell's palsy and meningitis are what type of neurological disorder
Infectious
147
First med given during a working code
Epi
148
4 month old patient vomiting for 2 days and has SVT what is the first treatment
Fluids
149
What is the main indicator of Ischemic Stroke
what are the two types?
usually slower to develop, rarely leads to acute death
Weakness and numbness on one side of the body sudden onset
Thrombosis - stationary clot
Embolism - fragment of a foreign substance (plaque)
blockage
150
Treatment for 42-year-old female, hordeolum
Warm compress
It is a stye, a painful bump that appears on the eyelid caused by bacterial infection in the oil glands
Are the treatments include anabiotic ointment and oral antibiotics and drainage, avoid squeezing or popping the stye
151
This type of respirations are gradually increasing and decreasing in respirations with periods of apnea
Cheyne stokes
152
What are the three elements required for brain function
Oxygen glucose and normal temperature
153
What are signs of dementia
Confusion
Patients may become aggressive or violent, Sundowners
154
True or false, diabetes, tumors and uremia hypertension, during pregnancy, eclampsia are common causes of seizure
155
What is spina bifida
Neural tube defect where the spinal cord remains outside
Complete loss of motor and sensory function below the defect
156
The wavelike movement of a seizure from a point of focus to other areas of the brain 
Jacksonian march
157
Under what conditions should a neurological emergency be hyperventilated
And What is the rate for adults and children
When signs of brainstem herniation or present (rapidly declining GCS unequal pupils posturing)
Adults 20
Peds 30
Infants 40
158
What two hormones regulate the composition of urine
and where are these produced
ADH - is produced in the hypothalamus
Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal gland
(ADH = anti diuretic hormone)
159
Diabetic bgl 35 treatment
IM glucagon
160
What is sinisitis
Congestion thick mucus
161
What is myoclonus
Rapid uncontrollable muscular contractions jerking
162
Uticardia and hives are a sign of
An allergic reaction
163
What is the management plan for autistic patient and pain
Assess objective findings
164
What is the treatment for shortness of breath cough uticaria decreased blood pressure increase heart rate decrease O2 (4)
Epi Benadryl albuterol dexamethasone
Uticaria = hives. itchy, red raised bumps on the skin caused by allergic reaction or infections
165
Another word for tumor 
Neoplasm
166
What causes acute pancreatitis
Alcohol consumption and gallstones
167
What does the occipital part of the brain do
Vision
168
What is normal and severe ICP
Normal less than 15
Severe greater than 25
169
Patient is agitated confused hx of Graves and heart rate of 160
Storm
170
Three characteristics of dka
Kussmals
dehydration and warm dry skin
It’s characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis and metabolic acidosis
171
Where is the Thymus gland
Mediastinum
Upper part of the chest behind the breast, bone, and in front of the heart it is part of the immune system
It helps in the development of the T cells. What’s your type of white blood cell
It shrinks as you get older, but continues to produce T cells throughout life
172
What are the 12 cranial nerves
1. OlFactory - sensory smell
2. optic - sensory light perception
3. Ocular motor - motor pupil size, eye move
4. Trocular - motor eye move
5. Trigeminal - motor and sensory chewing
6. Abducens - motor eye move
7. Facial - motor facial move
8. Vestibuchler - sensory hearing
9. Glossopharyngeal - motor and sensory swallowing
10. Vegas - motor and sensory heart lungs
11. Spinal - motor shoulder and neck
12. Hypoglossal - motor tongue
173
Type 2 diabetes is caused by
Insulin resistance
174
What is guillain's barre syndrome
Infection where the body attacks its own motor neurons which damages
Damage nerve cells cause ascending paralysis
Signs are weakness, tingling paralysis, starting in the hands feet, progressed to the upper body
175
Characteristics of a shaken baby
Poor feeding
176
What are the signs and symptoms of gonorrhea and males
And females
What is the treatment
males - pus discharge from urethia
Females - asymptomatic, PID
Antibiotics
177
What is doll's eyes
unconscious patient with intact brain stem sudden rotation of the head from one side to the other causes brisk deviation of the eyes
178
You have a 35-year-old male who's confused thirsty and needs to pee what may be the problem
Not enough ADH
Conditions known as diabetes, insipidus
Antidiuretic hormone
Seduced by the hypothalamus release valve to Terry gland, regulate stream on the water, reabsorption of the kidneys, controlling urine out, but intervening dehydration
179
What does the frontal part of the brain do
Voluntary muscle control
180
What is cerebral palsy
peritoneal damage to the brain
Delayed developmental milestones
Signs are scissor walk Tremors and poor coordination
181
What is Bell's palsy
Caused by dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve usually a viral infection
Paralysis of the facial muscles usually unilateral or temporal
182
Where in the body does Epi for anaphylactic uticardia interact
Alpha receptor sites
183
What is rhinoitis
Itchy runny nose, itchy eyes
184
What is the phrase to remember sensory and motor nerves
Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more
185
What are three signs and symptoms of appendicitis
Which quadrant is mcburney's point
And a rupture
Stomach pain nausea vomiting low grade fever loss of appetite,
(mcburney's point pain in lower right quadrant)
Rupture - decrease in pain generalized pain rebound tenderness
186
Why is it bad to give Medicine by mouth for GI pain
It increases the risk of vomiting
187
What's the difference between an allergic reaction and anaphylacsis
Anaphylaxis has two or more body systems
188
True or false seizures change the shape of patient’s pupils
False
189
What part of the brain controls blood pressure
What does the pons do
Medulla oblongata - blood pressure
pons - regulates respiratory rate
190
We have a 28-year-old patient week and constipated cold and has gland problems what might be the cause
Hypothyroid
191
Patients with trismus often require
RSI for Airway control
192
Early failure of the liver, characterized by portal, hypertension, coagulation deficiencies in diminished detoxification
 Cirrhosis
193
What is normal CPP
70 to 90 mm Hg
194
A bowel sound characterized by increase activity within the bowel. also called hyper peristalsis
Borborygmi
195
What reflex can be tested to assess the patient's gag reflexes
Corneal reflex
196
Child abuse
One month rolling
197
Ascended and has symptoms of dizziness and dysnea what may be the cause
Arterial gas embolism
198
What is exophthalamos
Bulging eyes
199
What are dizzy spells called
Vertigo
200
What is considered a psychiatric emergency
When the patient may hurt self or others
201
True or false when you’re such a stroke patient you can ask the person smile. This was sure if the patient has ptosis.
True
202
What are the typical symptoms of renal calculi, and treatments
Flank pain nausea vomiting UTI symptoms
Treatment IV fluids position of comfort pain management
203
What is nystagmus
204
What are the two types of Partial (Focal) Seizures?
Simple Partial (-)
Complex Partial (+) has impaired consciousness
205
What is the medicines that reduce nausea and vomiting called
Antiemetics
206
What disease processes causes lack of dopamine production and is characterized by abnormal gait
Parkinson's
207
Where is bile produced and stored in the body
what is biles function
First produced in the liver
Stored in the gallbladder
It's an enzyme to break down fats
208
Hematochezia
Indicates her
Passing bright, red blood from anus
Indicative of lower G.I., bleed
209
Steatorrhea
Indicative of?
Oily fatty stool
Indicative of liver, pancreas problems
210
Peristalsis
Rhythmic movement of intestines to move food through
211
Gastro paresis
Absence or decreased movement of intestines, to move food through
212
Jaundice
Aka
Also known as icterus
Yellow color skin sclera
213
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the lining of abdominal cavity and lining of abdominal organs
Common when hollow abdominal organs, leak their contents
214
Signs of hemorrhoids
bright red blood upon bowel movement
Hematochezia
215
Signs of kidney stones
Flank back pain
Dysuria
216
Signs of pancreatitis
Mid epigastric pain, radiating to Back common an alcoholics
217
Signs of hepatitis cirrhosis
Right upper quadrant, pain, and jaundice
218
Sign and cause of testicular torsion
Sudden unilateral pain caused by heavy, lifting
219
Sign of cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Right upper quadrant, pain, following ingestion of fatty food
220
Signs of appendicitis
Periumbilical pain with nausea, vomiting progresses to right lower quadrant, pain and positive McBurney‘s point
221
Sign of peptic ulcer
Mid epigastric, pain, common and chronic use of NSAIds
222
Signs of a UTI
Polyuria, pain, dysuria
223
Signs of esophageal varices
Bright red hematemesis (vomitting a blood ) most often do to portal vein, hypertension, common in people with liver problems
224
Signs of bowel obstruction
Pain loading, nausea, vomiting, fecal emesis (vomitting, fecal matter)
225
Sign of splenic insult
Kehrs sign. Pain in the left shoulder that occurs as a referred pain from the irritated diaphragm due to blood and other fluid, irritating, peritoneum internal bleeding from an injury to the spleen. 
226
Where is the hectic portal vein?
It is below the liver above the intestines delivers from the intestines to the liver
227
What is rebound tenderness and point tenderness
Rebound tenderness = is pain upon release of pressure
Point tenderness is pain upon direct pressure
228
What is Kehrs sign?
Left shoulder pain due to diaphragm, irritation from splenic insult
229
Where does pancreatitis pain radiate to?
To the back
230
Where does splenic pain radiate to?
The shoulder
231
If you have pain at mcBernie’s point what would indicate
Appendicitis
232
What is nephrolithiasis?
Kidney stones
233
What organs are in the right lower quadrant?
Appendix cecum
234
What organ is on the left lower quadrant
Sigmoid
235
Which hepatitis is have no vaccine?
Hepatitis c hepatitis E have no vaccine
236
Which hepatitis is spread by sexual fluid transmission?
Hepatitis B
237
What is the earliest sign of hyper kalemia? On an ECG.
Peaked T waves
238
Define virulence
Ability of an organism to invade and create disease inside of a host
239
What are the three developmental NEURO diseases?
Cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and cystic fibrosis
240
What are the four NEURO infections?
Infections
Bell’s palsy, polio, meningitis, and Guillian bare syndrome
241
What are the six degenerative NEURO diseases?
Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, ALS, a.k.a., Lou Gehrig’s, disease, myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy
PaMdMgMs
242
What are the four types of headaches?
Tension, headache migraine, headache cluster headache, and sinus headache
243
What is polio?
fecal, oral viral infection
Attacks motor neurons
Flu and muscle paralysis signs
Infection
244
What is Bell’s palsy?
It’s a unilateral facial palsy that affects the seventh cranial nerve causing symptoms from viral infection, post trauma, herpes, limes, disease,
It is an infection
245
What is cystic fibrosis?
Pancreas fails
Pale greasy stool
developmental disease
246
What is Parkinson’s?
basal ganglia failure causing dopamine to drop
Tremors
It is a degenerative disease 
247
What is multiple sclerosis?
Myelin sheath failure
Immune cells attack.
Women, 20 to 40
Signs are weakness and pain
It is a degenerative disease.
248
What is muscular dystrophy?
It is inherited it is it degeneration of muscle fibers there’s no treatment it’s progressive until the patient can’t walk in usually affects 2 to 5-year-old males duchenne MD is most common. Patient, commonly die from pneumonia, or cardiac issues.
It is a degenerative disease
249
What is ALS?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Voluntary motor neuron fail
Die within 3 to 5 years
Signs are loss of walking and speaking
It is a degenerative disease
250
What is meningitis?
It is an inflammation of the meninges via cerebral spinal fluid
The meninges, being Dura, arachnoid and pia matter
It could be viral bacterial and fungal
Brzezinski’s in Kernig’s sign
Nuchal rigidity
Signs of a headache, nausea, vomiting, possible seizure and photophobia
It is an infection
251
What is Guillian bare syndrome?
It is an infection/immune response
The body attacks it’s own motor neurons which damage the myelin weakness progresses to paralysis to be coming ventilator dependent. You can have both temporary and permanent effects.
The patient will need plasma pheresis, and immunoglobulins
It is an infection
252
What is a cluster headache?
It’s a headache that happens every day every month on the same day it’s related to serotonin and histamine release. It usually starts with pain around one hour and spreads to the face in class 30 to 45 minutes.
