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Paramedic > 119 Mod 4 Neurology and GI > Flashcards

119 Mod 4 Neurology and GI Flashcards

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1
Q

COMA causes acronym

A

AEIOU

Alcohol epilepsy insulin overdose uremia

Uremia is kidney dysfunction that results in buildup of waste products in the blood

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2
Q

Stroke syncope headache and seizures are what type of neurological disorders

A

Vascular

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3
Q

3-month-old and breathing crying active hands and feet blue not eating what is the treatment

A

Primary and secondary assess transport ECG monitor

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4
Q

What is the difference between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke

A

Hemorrhagic usually precipitated by worse headache rapid loss of conscious extreme hypertension

Ischemic is usually slower to develop and rarely leads to death in the first hour

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5
Q

What are neurons coated with

A

Myelin sheath - Aids in Signal transmission

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6
Q

Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s dementia and multiple sclerosis are what type of neurological disorders

A

Neoplasm degenerative

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7
Q

Treatments for neurological disorders

Medication’s to consider (3)

A

Considered Narcan dextrose thiamine 100 mg

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8
Q

What is muscular dystrophy

A

Genetic degeneration of muscle tissue
2-5 yrs males

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9
Q

Contractions of body into bizarre positions 

A

Dystonia

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10
Q

nausea vomiting is a sign of what type of stroke

A

Hemorrhagic

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11
Q

What is Huntington’s chorea

A

Progressive atrophy of the brain
Personality changes memory lapses loss of judgment
And voluntary movements

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12
Q

Which subdivision of the brain is responsible for judgment and prediction of the consequences of actions

A

Frontal

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13
Q

High levels of CO2 will _____ the vessels in the brain

Low levels of CO2 will ______ the vessels in the brain

A

High - dilate

Low - constrict

This is why we consider controlled hyperventilation of head injury patients with ICP

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14
Q

What the difference in signs with Bells Palsy and Stroke?

A

Bells - inability to close one eye, gradually over hours or days, eye lid drooping

Stroke - sudden, weakness on one side. eye does not raise higher than the other

In some cases of Bell’s palsy, the unaffected I may appear to be raised due to the muscle loss and tone on the affected side

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15
Q

What are the three treatments for end-stage renal disease ESRD

A

Hemodialysis - blood dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis - dialysis fluids infused in the abdominal cavity

Renal transplant - kidney transplant

Renal disease The disease of the kidney

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16
Q

What is the medical term for cancer?

A

Neoplasm 

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17
Q

Everyday autism care

A

Develop and language skills

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18
Q

The condition that strikes the voluntary motor neurons, causing their death disease is characterized by fatigue and general weakness of the muscles also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. Eventually, the patient becomes and unable to walk, speak or eat.

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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19
Q

3 parts of Cincinnati stroke

A

speech
arm drift
facial droop

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20
Q

What type of trauma is epitaxis

A

Nose bleed, digital trauma

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21
Q

What is normal paCO2

A

35-45mm Hg

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22
Q

What does the adrenal gland produce

A

Epi

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23
Q

What type of Med is cephalexm

A

Antibiotic

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24
Q

Gland but important essential, bodily functions, such as temperature, hunger thirst and hormone secretion

A

Hypothalamus

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25
Q

What are signs and symptoms you may see with each

Brudzinskis sign
Kernigs Sign
Cerebral aneurysms
Meningitis

A

Brudzinskis sign - involuntary flexion of the hips and knees occur when the neck is flexed, indicates meningitis

Kernigs Sign - flexes the hip of a patient causing pain in the hamstring muscles. Sign of meningitis.

Cerebral aneurysms - loss of visual fields confusion slurred speech weakness vomiting seizures

Meningitis - back pain headache photophobia

Meningitis is an infection of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord often caused by bacterial or viral infection

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26
Q

What does BE FAST stand for

(and G)

A

(g is for grip)

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27
Q

What are the two types of strokes?

A

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

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28
Q

What is conjugate gaze

A

when the eyes move in sync with each other

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29
Q

pre Hospital anaphylaxis is a sign of

A

Angio edema

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30
Q

What are the 5 types of generalized (whole brain) seizures

A

MAATT

  1. Myoclonic - Quick jerks
  2. Atonic - Drops to the floor
  3. Absent (petit mal) - Blank, confusion
  4. Tonic-clonic (grand mal) - alternating stiffening movement
  5. Tonic - Stiffening
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31
Q

What part of the brain controls balance

A

Cerebellum

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32
Q

What is the phrase to memorize cranial nerves

A

Ooh ooh ooh to touch and feel very good Velvet such heaven

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33
Q

An autoimmune condition in which the body attacks the myelin, that insulates the brain and spinal cord

A

Multiple sclerosis

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34
Q

A temporary paralysis of cranial nerve seven, which controls muscles on each side of the face

A

Bell’s palsy

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35
Q

Rule of nines bonfire burn

A

27

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36
Q

What happens during leukotrienes

A

It’s released after histamine worsens anaphylaxis increases Bronchoconstriction

They are molecules produced by immune cells, play a key role in inflammatory response of the body, because constriction of the airways increase mucus production, inflammation and recruitment of immune cells due to an allergen or irritant

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37
Q

What are the four types of neurological disorders

A

(Neoplasm)degenerative
Developmental
Infectious
Vascular

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38
Q

You’re treating a 22-year-old male was having a seizure at this time. He is still except for his left arm which is rocking back-and-forth and arrhythmic motion. What kind of activity is this?

A

Clonic activity

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39
Q

Name and describe three different headaches

A

Migraine severe pulsating headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting and light sensitivity

Tension doll diffuse head pain from muscle contractions

Cluster pain behind one or both eyes from histamine release

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40
Q

What is the circle of Willis

A

It provides an important safeguard to the pressure and supply of blood to parts of the brain in the event of blockage

Joining of arteries

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41
Q

When bacteria die inside of a body they release a protein that is called an

A

Endotoxin

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42
Q

Inflammation of the ileum, and possibly other portions of the gastrointestinal tract in which the immune system attacks portions of the intestinal walls, causing them to become scarred, narrow, stiff, and weeks

A

Crohn’s disease

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43
Q

Name three types of neurological disorders

A

Stroke seizure meningitis multiple sclerosis migraine polio ALS

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44
Q

Cerebral palsy and spina bifida are what type of neurological disorder

A

Developmental

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45
Q

What is the what part of the kidney forms urine
And how many does each kidney contain

A

The Nephron
About 1 million nephrons

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46
Q

What may be the cause of rhonchi and the lungs

A

Pneumonia

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47
Q

Patient has uticardia and wheezing what is the treatment

A

Two rounds of Epi plus an Epi infusion

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48
Q

Patients who develop renal failure tend to develop what acid base and balance

A

Metabolic acidosis - if kidneys are failing then patient is unable to eliminate acids

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49
Q

What Anatomy makes the peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial nerves and peripheral nerves

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50
Q

What is ringing of the ear called

A

Tinnitus

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51
Q

What happens if no ADH is produced

A

Increased urine production occurs

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52
Q

A neurological condition in which the portion of the brain responsible for production of dopamine has been damaged or overuse resulting in tremors 

A

Parkinson’s disease

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53
Q

Signs of diarrhea mass
with the front of the neck and eyes protruding

A

Graves’ disease

Hypothyroidism cause bulging eyes, anxiety, weight loss, fatigue, in increase heart rate

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54
Q

Signs of partial seizures

A

single limb, isolated motor response

conscious and alert but no control of a limb

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55
Q

Define the Monro Kelly Doctrine

A

It means that the skull is a box that cannot expand

If one thing increases the others must decrease

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56
Q

What is myasthenia gravis

A

Body creates antibodies against acetylcholine, muscle weakness

Symptoms are weakness in the arms and leg muscles double vision and difficulties with speech and chewing, droopy eyelid and mouth

It’s a neural muscular disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue, often affecting the eyes face throat and limbs

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57
Q

Involuntary, rhythmic, shaking of the eyes 

A

Nystagmus

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58
Q

What is visceral pain

A

Dull poorly localized pain, hollow organs

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59
Q

What is the other name of Zofran and dose

A

Ondanzatron, 8 mg

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60
Q

Define aura

A

Sensory perception sight smell taste selling the proceeds and neuro illness or seizure

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61
Q

Name Two primary chemical mediators

A

Histamines and leukotrienes

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62
Q

The signs of Cushing’s Triad

A

Increase the systolic pressure widening pulse pressure

Decrease in pulse rate

Irregular respiratory pattern

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63
Q

True or false an aura will proceed a generalized grand mal seizure

A

 False

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64
Q

What is polio

A

It’s a fecal oral viral infection

Flu-like symptoms to muscle paralysis
Destroys nerve cells and spinal cord causing muscle paralysis

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65
Q

What happens during histamine release

A

Increase in vascular permeability and Bronco constriction

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66
Q

With stroke when should you consider air transport

A

if the distance to stroke center is greater than 1 hour

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67
Q

Two types of coma and the signs of them

A

Structural - unequal pupils asymmetrical deficits, rapid onset

Toxic - Symmetrical deficits, equal pupils, slower on set

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68
Q

9-year-old male minor in an mvc with autism how do you assess?

A

Assess distal then proximal

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69
Q

Medication for tachycardia

Afib and aflutter

A

Diltiazem 0.25mg/kg

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70
Q

What Med can you give for abdominal pain

A

Morphine 2 to 4 mg

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71
Q

Inflammation of pouches in the colon dispatches form as a result of difficulty, moving feces through the colon. Leading to inflammation and infection.

A

Diverticulitis

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72
Q

Disease of Low corticosteroids

A

Addison’s

It’s a disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol

Symptoms are fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, low blood pressure

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73
Q

Involuntarily, jerking motions of the body

A

 Myoclonus

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74
Q

What do neurotransmitters do

And what are the 5

A

Transmit signals across synapses regulating body functions

Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

Epinephrine

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75
Q

One of the two main types of stroke occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain 

A

Hemorrhagic  stroke

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76
Q

What is multiple sclerosis

A

It’s an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the myelin sheath

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77
Q

what Anatomy makes the central nervous system (3)

A

Brain and brain stem, spinal cord

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78
Q

Respiratory acidosis paCO2 amount

A

PaCO2 60

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79
Q

What is somatic pain

A

Sharp localized pain, parietal peritoneum

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80
Q

What are the two types of generalized seizures?

A

Tonic clonic an absence

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81
Q

Chemicals that relay electrically conducted signals from one neuron to another are called

A

Neurotransmitters

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82
Q

What is dystonia

A

Severe abnormal muscle spasms painful contortions repetitive movements

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83
Q

One of the two main types of stroke also called an inclusive stroke, occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by blockage 

A

Ischemic stroke

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84
Q

3-year-old unresponsive with secretions what is the first treatment

A

Suction Airway

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85
Q

What is dysconjugate gaze

A

discoordinaton between the movement of the two eyes

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86
Q

After an organ transplant the patient has red warm edema
what is happening

A

Transplant rejection

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87
Q

Arterial blood supply to the brain comes from

A

Vertebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries

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88
Q

What is the main concern with swelling and tooth infection

A

Protect Airway

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89
Q

GCS

A

13

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90
Q

What does the parietal part of the brain do

A

Touch and texture

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91
Q

Hypoglycemic what happens to the brain during?

A

Brain can’t metabolize

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92
Q

What might a diabetic type 1 patient use

A

Insulin pump

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93
Q

The presence of stones within the gallbladder

A

Cholelithiasis

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94
Q

True or false the nervous system is responsible for the heart rhythm

A

 False

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95
Q

Lou Gehrig’s disease is also known as

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Death of voluntary motor neurons

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96
Q

Anaphylactic (allergen) vs

A

anaphylactoid (no allergen)

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97
Q

Patient has a headache plus swelling what is this an indication of

Hypertension, weight gain muscle weakness, irritability

A

Cushing syndrome

It can cause symptoms to mimic a migraine, headache, such as sensitivity to light and nausea. It can also cause, edema and swelling.

It’s a disorder caused by higher levels of cortisol hormone in the body

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98
Q

What is the function of the large intestines

A

Water reabsorption, formation of feces

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99
Q

What happens to the brain when paco2 is below normal

A

Vasal constriction occurs producing cerebral ischemia

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100
Q

A weak area, Nicole in the begins to have small outcropping to turn into pouches

A

Diverticulum

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101
Q

Treatment for 12-year-old vent dependent increasing fever

A

IV transport with Vent

102
Q

What do adrenal hormones create

A

Corticosteroids

103
Q

What are two methods to access pain in unresponsive patient

A

pressure to finger nail

pressure to the supraorbital foramen, notch near bridge of the nose

104
Q

Which phase is tonic
Which phase is clonic?

A

tonic - stiffing

clonic - is contracting

105
Q

What are possible complications
For each
Hemodialysis

Peritoneal dialysis

Renal transplant

A

Hemodialysis - electrolyte and balance bleeding from the fistula machine malfunction

Peritoneal dialysis - high risk infection abdominal pain fluid retention

Renal transplant- surgical infection rejection

106
Q

Type of seizure movement involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups 

A

Clonic

107
Q

Unresponsive cold to the touch

A

myxedema coma

It’s a life-threatening condition that can occur in severe hypothyroidism leading to altered mental status, and organ failure

108
Q

28-year-old history of pheothromoytoma disorder. What gland is affected?

A

It’s a rare tumor of the adrenal gland.

Symptoms include high, blood pressure, palpitations, headaches, sweating, and anxiety

The adrenal gland causes excessive production of catecholamines

109
Q

Where does blood from the brain eventually drain into

A

Internal jugular veins

110
Q

Define the following seizure types
Absence seizure
tonic seizure
Colonic seizure
Jacksonian March seizure

A

Absence seizure - loss of consciousness without convulsions

Tonic seizure - sustained muscle contractions leading to loss of conscious and fall

Colonic seizure - repetitive rhythmic jerking movements

Jacksonian March- motor seizure that starts with one part of the body and spreads

111
Q

Diabetic with kuzmals has what type of metabolic action

A

Metabolic acidosis

112
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Childbirth

113
Q

When the brain receives too much oxygen can cause increased intercranial pressure what happens to the cerebral arteries during this time

A

  they vasodilate

114
Q

What does the temporal part of the brain do

A

Hearing and smell, language

115
Q

SIDS, birth

A

4 months

116
Q

13-month-old patient hydroclophalus, two days vomiting, what might be the problem

A

VP shunt

117
Q

What is meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges CSF
Bacterial is rapid
Viral is slow onset from nose and throat

Symptoms are headache nausea vomiting photophobia seizures

118
Q

What does bright red stool indicate

A

Bleeding is in the lower GI tract

119
Q

inflammation of the esophagus

A

Cholangitis

120
Q

What type of medicine on hydrochloride

A

Anxiety medication

121
Q

Word for Abdominal edema typically signaling liver failure

A

 Ascites

122
Q

What are the 3 parts of the LAMS scale

A

Facial Drop - 0 absent/ 1 present

Arm Drift - 0 absent/ 1 slow/ 2 rapid

Grip Strength - 0 norm / 1 weak/ 2 none

123
Q

What is the function of the small intestines

A

Major site for digestion and absorption of food

124
Q

What happens during gluconeogenesis

A

Form of fatty acids

The body produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol for energy

125
Q

When a patient has increased intercranial, pressure and heart rate and respiratory rate will?

while, the blood pressure will?

A

Decrease

Increase

126
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic renal failure

A

Acute - may occur over several days some do fully recovered

Chronic - progressive and irreversible permanent loss of nephrons develops over months to years often related to diabetes and hypertension

127
Q

What is so good cerebral perfusion pressure

A

At least 50 to 60 mm/hg

CPP = map - ICP

128
Q

This type of dystonia as quick jerky, irregular and unpredictable movements found in the face arms and hands

A

Chorelform movements

129
Q

Blood glucose is up and beta cells are up

A

Negative feedback

130
Q

Components of the diencephalon include the

A

Hypothalamus and Thalamus the limbic system

The diencephalon is part of the brain that relays sensory and motor signals between the brain stem in the cerebral cortex

131
Q

What are the signs of post cerebellar stroke

A

vision changes, dizziness, headache, equilibrium (test walking)

not typical cincinnati

132
Q

What is Dementia and Alzheimer’s

A

Chronic deterioration of Personality memory and thinking ability

133
Q

You have a 54 year old patient with facial droop weak grip strength and can’t hold his arms up what is his LAMS score

A

Facial Group 1 plus 2 for arms falling rapidly plus one for weak grip strength

LAMS - 4

134
Q

A rare condition that begins as a sensation of weakness and tingling in the legs, moving to the arms and thorax, and can lead to paralysis within two weeks

A

Guillian bare

135
Q

Patient is comatose dehydrated sick for one week, what might be happening

A

HHS

Hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic state occurs with people with diabetes, where there’s a very high concentration of sugar in the blood, which can lead to dehydration and comatose

136
Q

Your patient suffers from an auto immune disorder in which the body a text to Mylan sheath. What is this called?

A

Multiple sclerosis

137
Q

What area of the brain access a relay center to filter in prioritize, the information that you need for conscious thoughts

A

Diencephalon

138
Q

What happens during dka

What Respiratory things will happen

A

Patient blows off CO2, hyperventilate

139
Q

31-year-old burn to the eye, first action

A

Appropriate BSI

140
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis

141
Q

What is dark Tary stool called and what does it indicate

A

Melina - indicates upper GI bleeding

142
Q

With the saliva do

A

It helps food travel through the esophagus
Has enzymes that break down starches and carbs

143
Q

Glucose is fuel for a brain a normal reading is?

A

 60 to 120 mg/dL

144
Q

A neurotransmitter is a chemical released into?

And helps make the connection between?

A

Synapse

Neurons

145
Q

What three substances fill the skull

A

The brain, blood, cerebrospinal fluid

146
Q

Bell’s palsy and meningitis are what type of neurological disorder

A

Infectious

147
Q

First med given during a working code

A

Epi

148
Q

4 month old patient vomiting for 2 days and has SVT what is the first treatment

A

Fluids

149
Q

What is the main indicator of Ischemic Stroke

what are the two types?

A

usually slower to develop, rarely leads to acute death
Weakness and numbness on one side of the body sudden onset

Thrombosis - stationary clot

Embolism - fragment of a foreign substance (plaque)

blockage

150
Q

Treatment for 42-year-old female, hordeolum

A

Warm compress

It is a stye, a painful bump that appears on the eyelid caused by bacterial infection in the oil glands

Are the treatments include anabiotic ointment and oral antibiotics and drainage, avoid squeezing or popping the stye

151
Q

This type of respirations are gradually increasing and decreasing in respirations with periods of apnea

A

Cheyne stokes

152
Q

What are the three elements required for brain function

A

Oxygen glucose and normal temperature

153
Q

What are signs of dementia

A

Confusion

Patients may become aggressive or violent, Sundowners

154
Q

True or false, diabetes, tumors and uremia hypertension, during pregnancy, eclampsia are common causes of seizure

A
155
Q

What is spina bifida

A

Neural tube defect where the spinal cord remains outside
Complete loss of motor and sensory function below the defect

156
Q

The wavelike movement of a seizure from a point of focus to other areas of the brain 

A

Jacksonian march

157
Q

Under what conditions should a neurological emergency be hyperventilated

And What is the rate for adults and children

A

When signs of brainstem herniation or present (rapidly declining GCS unequal pupils posturing)

Adults 20
Peds 30
Infants 40

158
Q

What two hormones regulate the composition of urine
and where are these produced

A

ADH - is produced in the hypothalamus
Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal gland

(ADH = anti diuretic hormone)

159
Q

Diabetic bgl 35 treatment

A

IM glucagon

160
Q

What is sinisitis

A

Congestion thick mucus

161
Q

What is myoclonus

A

Rapid uncontrollable muscular contractions jerking

162
Q

Uticardia and hives are a sign of

A

An allergic reaction

163
Q

What is the management plan for autistic patient and pain

A

Assess objective findings

164
Q

What is the treatment for shortness of breath cough uticaria decreased blood pressure increase heart rate decrease O2 (4)

A

Epi Benadryl albuterol dexamethasone

Uticaria = hives. itchy, red raised bumps on the skin caused by allergic reaction or infections

165
Q

Another word for tumor 

A

Neoplasm

166
Q

What causes acute pancreatitis

A

Alcohol consumption and gallstones

167
Q

What does the occipital part of the brain do

A

Vision

168
Q

What is normal and severe ICP

A

Normal less than 15
Severe greater than 25

169
Q

Patient is agitated confused hx of Graves and heart rate of 160

A

Storm

170
Q

Three characteristics of dka

A

Kussmals
dehydration and warm dry skin

It’s characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis and metabolic acidosis

171
Q

Where is the Thymus gland

A

Mediastinum

Upper part of the chest behind the breast, bone, and in front of the heart it is part of the immune system

It helps in the development of the T cells. What’s your type of white blood cell

It shrinks as you get older, but continues to produce T cells throughout life

172
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves

A
  1. OlFactory - sensory smell
  2. optic - sensory light perception
  3. Ocular motor - motor pupil size, eye move
  4. Trocular - motor eye move
  5. Trigeminal - motor and sensory chewing
  6. Abducens - motor eye move
  7. Facial - motor facial move
  8. Vestibuchler - sensory hearing
  9. Glossopharyngeal - motor and sensory swallowing
  10. Vegas - motor and sensory heart lungs
  11. Spinal - motor shoulder and neck
  12. Hypoglossal - motor tongue
173
Q

Type 2 diabetes is caused by

A

Insulin resistance

174
Q

What is guillain’s barre syndrome

A

Infection where the body attacks its own motor neurons which damages

Damage nerve cells cause ascending paralysis

Signs are weakness, tingling paralysis, starting in the hands feet, progressed to the upper body

175
Q

Characteristics of a shaken baby

A

Poor feeding

176
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of gonorrhea and males

And females

What is the treatment

A

males - pus discharge from urethia

Females - asymptomatic, PID

Antibiotics

177
Q

What is doll’s eyes

A

unconscious patient with intact brain stem sudden rotation of the head from one side to the other causes brisk deviation of the eyes

178
Q

You have a 35-year-old male who’s confused thirsty and needs to pee what may be the problem

A

Not enough ADH

Conditions known as diabetes, insipidus

Antidiuretic hormone

Seduced by the hypothalamus release valve to Terry gland, regulate stream on the water, reabsorption of the kidneys, controlling urine out, but intervening dehydration

179
Q

What does the frontal part of the brain do

A

Voluntary muscle control

180
Q

What is cerebral palsy

A

peritoneal damage to the brain
Delayed developmental milestones

Signs are scissor walk Tremors and poor coordination

181
Q

What is Bell’s palsy

A

Caused by dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve usually a viral infection

Paralysis of the facial muscles usually unilateral or temporal

182
Q

Where in the body does Epi for anaphylactic uticardia interact

A

Alpha receptor sites

183
Q

What is rhinoitis

A

Itchy runny nose, itchy eyes

184
Q

What is the phrase to remember sensory and motor nerves

A

Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more

185
Q

What are three signs and symptoms of appendicitis

Which quadrant is mcburney’s point

And a rupture

A

Stomach pain nausea vomiting low grade fever loss of appetite,

(mcburney’s point pain in lower right quadrant)

Rupture - decrease in pain generalized pain rebound tenderness

186
Q

Why is it bad to give Medicine by mouth for GI pain

A

It increases the risk of vomiting

187
Q

What’s the difference between an allergic reaction and anaphylacsis

A

Anaphylaxis has two or more body systems

188
Q

True or false seizures change the shape of patient’s pupils

A

False

189
Q

What part of the brain controls blood pressure

What does the pons do

A

Medulla oblongata - blood pressure

pons - regulates respiratory rate

190
Q

We have a 28-year-old patient week and constipated cold and has gland problems what might be the cause

A

Hypothyroid

191
Q

Patients with trismus often require

A

RSI for Airway control

192
Q

Early failure of the liver, characterized by portal, hypertension, coagulation deficiencies in diminished detoxification

A

 Cirrhosis

193
Q

What is normal CPP

A

70 to 90 mm Hg

194
Q

A bowel sound characterized by increase activity within the bowel. also called hyper peristalsis

A

Borborygmi

195
Q

What reflex can be tested to assess the patient’s gag reflexes

A

Corneal reflex

196
Q

Child abuse

A

One month rolling

197
Q

Ascended and has symptoms of dizziness and dysnea what may be the cause

A

Arterial gas embolism

198
Q

What is exophthalamos

A

Bulging eyes

199
Q

What are dizzy spells called

A

Vertigo

200
Q

What is considered a psychiatric emergency

A

When the patient may hurt self or others

201
Q

True or false when you’re such a stroke patient you can ask the person smile. This was sure if the patient has ptosis.

A

True

202
Q

What are the typical symptoms of renal calculi, and treatments

A

Flank pain nausea vomiting UTI symptoms

Treatment IV fluids position of comfort pain management

203
Q

What is nystagmus

A
204
Q

What are the two types of Partial (Focal) Seizures?

A

Simple Partial (-)
Complex Partial (+) has impaired consciousness

205
Q

What is the medicines that reduce nausea and vomiting called

A

Antiemetics

206
Q

What disease processes causes lack of dopamine production and is characterized by abnormal gait

A

Parkinson’s

207
Q

Where is bile produced and stored in the body
what is biles function

A

First produced in the liver
Stored in the gallbladder
It’s an enzyme to break down fats

208
Q

Hematochezia

Indicates her

A

Passing bright, red blood from anus

Indicative of lower G.I., bleed

209
Q

Steatorrhea

Indicative of?

A

Oily fatty stool

Indicative of liver, pancreas problems

210
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic movement of intestines to move food through

211
Q

Gastro paresis

A

Absence or decreased movement of intestines, to move food through

212
Q

Jaundice

Aka

A

Also known as icterus

Yellow color skin sclera

213
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the lining of abdominal cavity and lining of abdominal organs

Common when hollow abdominal organs, leak their contents

214
Q

Signs of hemorrhoids

A

bright red blood upon bowel movement

Hematochezia

215
Q

Signs of kidney stones

A

Flank back pain
Dysuria

216
Q

Signs of pancreatitis

A

Mid epigastric pain, radiating to Back common an alcoholics

217
Q

Signs of hepatitis cirrhosis

A

Right upper quadrant, pain, and jaundice

218
Q

Sign and cause of testicular torsion

A

Sudden unilateral pain caused by heavy, lifting

219
Q

Sign of cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder
Right upper quadrant, pain, following ingestion of fatty food

220
Q

Signs of appendicitis

A

Periumbilical pain with nausea, vomiting progresses to right lower quadrant, pain and positive McBurney‘s point

221
Q

Sign of peptic ulcer

A

Mid epigastric, pain, common and chronic use of NSAIds

222
Q

Signs of a UTI

A

Polyuria, pain, dysuria

223
Q

Signs of esophageal varices

A

Bright red hematemesis (vomitting a blood ) most often do to portal vein, hypertension, common in people with liver problems

224
Q

Signs of bowel obstruction

A

Pain loading, nausea, vomiting, fecal emesis (vomitting, fecal matter)

225
Q

Sign of splenic insult

A

Kehrs sign. Pain in the left shoulder that occurs as a referred pain from the irritated diaphragm due to blood and other fluid, irritating, peritoneum internal bleeding from an injury to the spleen. 

226
Q

Where is the hectic portal vein?

A

It is below the liver above the intestines delivers from the intestines to the liver

227
Q

What is rebound tenderness and point tenderness

A

Rebound tenderness = is pain upon release of pressure

Point tenderness is pain upon direct pressure

228
Q

What is Kehrs sign?

A

Left shoulder pain due to diaphragm, irritation from splenic insult

229
Q

Where does pancreatitis pain radiate to?

A

To the back

230
Q

Where does splenic pain radiate to?

A

The shoulder

231
Q

If you have pain at mcBernie’s point what would indicate

A

Appendicitis

232
Q

What is nephrolithiasis?

A

Kidney stones

233
Q

What organs are in the right lower quadrant?

A

Appendix cecum

234
Q

What organ is on the left lower quadrant

A

Sigmoid

235
Q

Which hepatitis is have no vaccine?

A

Hepatitis c hepatitis E have no vaccine

236
Q

Which hepatitis is spread by sexual fluid transmission?

A

Hepatitis B

237
Q

What is the earliest sign of hyper kalemia? On an ECG.

A

Peaked T waves

238
Q

Define virulence

A

Ability of an organism to invade and create disease inside of a host

239
Q

What are the three developmental NEURO diseases?

A

Cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and cystic fibrosis

240
Q

What are the four NEURO infections?

Infections

A

Bell’s palsy, polio, meningitis, and Guillian bare syndrome

241
Q

What are the six degenerative NEURO diseases?

A

Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, ALS, a.k.a., Lou Gehrig’s, disease, myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy

PaMdMgMs

242
Q

What are the four types of headaches?

A

Tension, headache migraine, headache cluster headache, and sinus headache

243
Q

What is polio?

A

fecal, oral viral infection
Attacks motor neurons
Flu and muscle paralysis signs
Infection

244
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

It’s a unilateral facial palsy that affects the seventh cranial nerve causing symptoms from viral infection, post trauma, herpes, limes, disease,

It is an infection

245
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Pancreas fails
Pale greasy stool
developmental disease

246
Q

What is Parkinson’s?

A

basal ganglia failure causing dopamine to drop

Tremors

It is a degenerative disease 

247
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Myelin sheath failure
Immune cells attack.
Women, 20 to 40

Signs are weakness and pain

It is a degenerative disease.

248
Q

What is muscular dystrophy?

A

It is inherited it is it degeneration of muscle fibers there’s no treatment it’s progressive until the patient can’t walk in usually affects 2 to 5-year-old males duchenne MD is most common. Patient, commonly die from pneumonia, or cardiac issues.

It is a degenerative disease

249
Q

What is ALS?

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Voluntary motor neuron fail
Die within 3 to 5 years

Signs are loss of walking and speaking

It is a degenerative disease

250
Q

What is meningitis?

A

It is an inflammation of the meninges via cerebral spinal fluid

The meninges, being Dura, arachnoid and pia matter
It could be viral bacterial and fungal

Brzezinski’s in Kernig’s sign
Nuchal rigidity

Signs of a headache, nausea, vomiting, possible seizure and photophobia

It is an infection

251
Q

What is Guillian bare syndrome?

A

It is an infection/immune response
The body attacks it’s own motor neurons which damage the myelin weakness progresses to paralysis to be coming ventilator dependent. You can have both temporary and permanent effects.

The patient will need plasma pheresis, and immunoglobulins

It is an infection

252
Q

What is a cluster headache?

A

It’s a headache that happens every day every month on the same day it’s related to serotonin and histamine release. It usually starts with pain around one hour and spreads to the face in class 30 to 45 minutes.

Paramedic (24 decks)

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