National Registry Flashcards
1
Q
Where is McBurney’s Point
what does it indicate
A
between the right superior iliac crest and the umbilicus
appendicitis
2
Q
What are signs of Renal failure and why
A
decreased urinary output, weight gain, SOB, nausea, fatigue.
Due to fluid overload and inability to diurese.
3
Q
Cushings
and
Addisons
A
Cushing is too much adrenal corticoids
Addison’s is too little adrenal corticoids 
4
Q
What is causing type one diabetes
A
Not enough insulin is being produced due to the beta cell destruction isle of lagerhans
5
Q
What is causing type two diabetes
A
The insulin production is fine but cells cannot break down insulin properly.
It develops over days to weeks they have Chronic thirst, and increase urination. 
6
Q
When is in the right lower quadrant?
A
Appendix 
7
Q
Define visceral pain
A
Organ pain generally diffuse hard to localize 
8
Q
Define somatic pain
A
Sharper, stabbing pain, localizes easily
9
Q
Where do upper G.I. bleeds occur? What is the most common cause? 
A
Above the ligament of traits, most common cause is peptic ulcers 
10
Q
What is the most common cause of lower G.I. bleeds?
A
Diverticulitis 
11
Q
What is the Parkland formula?
A
4 mL x % bsa x kilograms
12
Q
What are the six p’s of crush injury?
A
Pain, pal, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis, and  poikilothermia
13
Q
What happens during neurogenic shock?
A
Massive vasodilation due to loss of sympathetic tone 
14
Q
What happens in an epidural bleed? What are the signs? 
A
They are arterial in nature, most commonly the middle meningeal artery.
They lose consciousness after injury, become conscious again, lucid, and then lose consciousness.
15
Q
What happens during a subdural bleed and what are the signs?
A
Venus bleed develops over days two weeks
patients have a severe headache, alcoholic and geriatric patients are prone

16
Q
Would you suspect if the patient becomes altered and blows a pupil?
A
Brain herniation
17
Q
What are the signs of a hemothorax patient?
A
Hypotensive no JVD 
Hypo  resonance
Will develop into hypovolemic shock 
18
Q
What are the signs of a pneumothorax patient?
A
JVD hyper resonance on percussion 
Pneumothorax with develop into obstructive or cardiogenic shock 
19
Q
What is becks triad?
A
Muffled heart tones, hypotension JVD
20
Q
How much fluid is in the pericardial sac normally
A
25 mL between the visceral and parietal lining 
21
Q
Define flail chest
A
Fracture of three or more ribs in two or more places 
22
Q
What are the signs of diaphragmatic rupture?
A
Sudden compression of abdomen may hear bowel sounds 
23
Q
How do you treat evisceration
A
Cover with moist sterile dressing, and then with a dry sterile dressing to preserve temperature of organs
24
Q
Name two solid organs
A
Liver and spleen
25
Name two hollow organs
Stomach : intestines
26
How much blood loss is in the femur pelvis and tib fib
Femur 1000 mL
Pelvis is 2000 mL
Fib is 550 mL
27
How do you tell the difference between hip fracture and hip dislocation?
Hip fracture, external rotation
Hip dislocation, internal rotation
28
How long is a start triage assessment?
60 seconds
29
What is phosgene smell like?
Fresh cut grass
30
What is NFPA 704
It’s the system that identifies hazardous materials 
31
What’s the difference between level a level B and level C and level D
Level a is the highest protection SBA, full encapsulating suit
level B is the highest level of respiratory protection
level C is used during transport of contaminated patients like a facemask
level. D is your work uniform
32
What type of infection is croup?
Viral infection from six months to four years they have a fever
33
What type of infection is epiglottitis?
Bacterial infection
they have a fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling
34
When is asthma, diagnosed and what is it called before that
It’s diagnosed after when your age, but before then it’s considered bronchiolitis 
35
What is croup also known as
Lorengo tracheal bronchitis
36
What type of injury do kids often have as a result of abdominal trauma?
Spleen
Adults usually have liver
37
What type of blade do you use for ped? And what does it do?
Miller Blade
epiglottis should be lifted directly up
38
What’s the formula for determining tube size for ped
Age and years +16÷4
39
When do you suction a newborn?
Only suction if the child is severely meconium, stained, and having respiratory distress
40
What is the neonatal CPR ratio
3:1
41
Define gravita and para
Gravity is the number times pregnant, including current pregnancy
Para is the number of live births
42
placenta, previa signs
Third trimester, painless, bright, red blood
43
Abrupt placenta signs
Third trimester, painful dark red blood
44
What are the three stages of labor?
Stage one contractions to full cervical dilation 10 cm
Stage two full dilation to delivery of newborn
Stage three delivery of newborn to delivery of placenta 
45
What do you do for prolapsed cord?
If pulsating, rapid, moist dressing and transport,
if no pulse, insert gloved hand, keep in position
46
Define endocarditis
Infection of the endocardium inner layer of the heart from bacterial infection
Sudden, gradual, chills, successive, sweating, fever, shortness of breath, joint muscle pain weakness
47
Define pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium, fiber sac around the heart, viral infection,
chest pain, difficulty breathing worse when laying down better lane forward 
48
How do you tell the difference between left bundle, branch block, and right bundle branch block?
Wide, QRS and V1
Downward left bundle branch
Upward right bundle branch 
49
What is Wolf Parkinson’s white?
Conduction that occurs from the atria to ventricles through accessory pathways
50
How do you find digitalis toxicity in a 12 lead
Look for the dig sag it occurs from too much of the medication
51
What’s the medicine you give to alcoholic who hypoglycemic?
100 mg of thiamine prior to glucose 
52
What are the signs of black widow bite?
Females are venomous bite as painless one hour muscle spasm and cramps
53
Brown recluse, bite define by what
Wanted to two hours of pain after bite bite is surrounded by a ischemic ring
54
What do you do for snake?
Immobilized extremity in neutral position
do not use tourniquet or ice packs 
55
What is the most common cause of sudden, cardiac death?
Acute coronary syndrome, AMI, and unstable angina
56
What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?
Stable is usually predictable caused by exertion
Unstable may occur during exertion or rest, and last longer 
57
What is the difference between a transmural MI and sub endocardial MI
Transmural is full thickness of myocardium infarcted, and will leave pathological Q waves greater than .004 seconds
Sub endocardial is a partial thickness of the myocardium infarcted may or may not produce pathological Q waves 
58
What are the zones of infarct
Inner ring infarct
Middle ring injury
Outside ring ischemia
59
What’s the primary cause of MI?
Left sided heart failure
60
What are the signs of left sided heart fail?
Fluid in the lungs, pink frothy, sputum plate, sign, anxiety, tachycardia, Disney crackles rails
61
What causes less sided heart failure?
Blood backing up from the left ventricle to the left atrium to the lungs, and then to the right side of the heart
62
What are the signs of right sided heart failure?
Difficulty breathing with clear lung sounds, pedal, edema, sacral, edema, abdominal edema JVD
63
What causes right sided heart failure?
Blood is backing up from the right ventricle to the right atrium to the vena cava into the body 
64
For chronic hypertension, what drug should you not use?
Nitro
65
What blood pressure is defined as a hypertensive crisis
180/120
66
Define cardiac tamponade
Blunt chest trauma
Becks Triad muffled heart tones, hypotension DVD
67
What is the classic sign of aortic aneurysm?
Tearing pain, but also unequal blood pressure readings from left to right unequal, pulse, strengths, severe chest or back pain 
68
Signs of arterial occlusion
Pale skin distal to the clot, cool skin distal to the clot,
immobilize extremity and transport
69
Define pharmacodynamics
How drugs work on the body
70
Define Pharma kinetics
How drugs move through the body
71
What are parenteral routes?
Io im sq
72
Meds given my mouth must go through what
First pass metabolism by the liver it decreases the med and slows down the process
73
What is the difference between partial generalized tonic colonic, tonic, and colonic seizures?
Partials, one side, one side of the brain is affect
Generalized. entire brain, patient will lose consciousness
Tonic colonic, also known as grandma, they’re unconscious and major motor activity
Tonic, the body is rigid
Colonic body jerks violently 
74
What are the two types of stroke?
Hemorrhagic from a bleed
Ischemic from a blockage or clot
75
Define TIA
Stroke the last 5 to 10 minutes last no longer than 24 hours
76
What is Warnicke syndrome?
Patient develops, sudden, ataxia, nystagmus, speech, disturbances, signs of neuropathy, stupor, and coma
77
What is Korsakoff psychosis?
Mental disorder found with Warnke in psychopathy
apathy, poor memory, retrograde amnesia, confabulation, storytelling and dementia
78
Name a depolarizing medication, and nondepolarizing medication
Depolarizing is succsinycholine
Nondepolarizing is vecuronium and rocuronium
79
How do use a Miller blade? How do you say McIntosh blade?
Sweet tongue to the left
Miller blade lift epiglottis
Mac blade goes into the vallecula
80
Define cystic fibrosis
Disease, it appears in childhood excess production of mucus
81
What’s the treatment for pulmonary embolism?
Oxygen consider, CPAP, rapid transport
82
Signs of pneumonia
Fever diminished, lung sounds, or crackles in the affected. Lung usually found one lung, but can be both.
83
Signs of pulmonary edema and treatment
Build up a fluid in the lungs CHF left sided heart failure, crackles, rails, oxygen consider CPAP 
84
The difference between chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Chronic bronchitis has excessive mucus production
Emphysema has destruction of Avola walls
85
What do you do with dentures?
Leave place, unless they become dislodged then remove immediately
86
How long do you suction for adults and pediatrics and infants?
Adults no longer than 15 seconds
Pediatrics no longer than 10 seconds
Infants no longer than five seconds
Pre-oxygenate first if possible
87
What is the proper amount of suction pressure?
30 L per minute at a pressure of 300 MMHG
88
What’s the proper way to insert OPA?
Tip pointing up to the roof of the mouth and turn 180° 
89
What is the greatest risk associated with RSI?
Aspiration
90
What is the normal respiratory rate for pediatric and for an infant
Pediatric is 15 to 30 breaths for a minute
And infant is 25 to 50
91
A nasal cannula is how many liters, and what concentration
Nasal cannula is one to 6 L 24 to 44% concentration
92
How many liters do you set a CPAP to
15 to 25 L per minute 5 to 10 CM H2O pressure
93
Nonrebreather is how many liters, and what concentration
12 to 15 L 80 to 100% concentration 
94
Nebulizer is how many liters
6-8 L per minute
95
What blood pressure does the person need to use CPAP
Above 90 systolic and alert oriented
96
What is the pneumonic to remember for CPAP?
FNCPAP
Flail, segment, near, drowning, COPD, CHF, pulmonary edema, asthma, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema
97
What is Kuszmaulls sound like?
Rapid and deep
98
What does chane Stokes look like?
Increasing title, volume then apnea
99
ATaxic and biots
Gasping and periods of apnea
100
Apneustic sounds like
Long, deep breaths, separated by periods of apnea
101
Wheezing is a sign of
Bronchial constriction, lower airway
COPD pneumonia asthma
102
Crackles and rails is a sign of
Fluid buildup lower airway
CHF pneumonia, pulmonary edema
103
Rhochi is a sign of
In the bronchi lower airway issue
COPD, chronic bronchitis cystic fibrosis 
104
Inspiration causes the diaphragm to
Contract to move downward
105
When you breathe air rushes in why
Due to the decrease, inter, thoracic pressure
106
Expiration causes the diaphragm to
The diaphragm moves up
107
What is the stimulus for normal breathing?
High CO2 carbon dioxide
108
Define hypercapnia
Increase levels of carbon dioxide >45 MMHG
109
Define diffusion
Process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration,
oxygen, and carbon dioxide
110
What do chemo receptors monitor?
Carbon dioxide levels
111
How much is normal title volume
500 mL
112
How much is normal atomic dead space
150 mL
113
How long do you hold EpiPen in place?
10 seconds 
114
What happens during anaphylaxis?
Histamines are release which causes vasodilation and bronchial construction
Low BP because the vessels are dilated 
115
What are the five classes of antidysrhythmic?
Class one sodium channel blocker Cynamide class one a lidocaine class 1B
class two beta blockers metoprolol
class three potassium channel blockers amiodarone
class four calcium channel blocker duties
class five unnamed class adenosine
116
What’s the neurotransmitter for parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
117
What’s the receptors for the parasympathetic
Nicotinic found in skeletal muscles
Muscatini. Sludgem
118
What’s the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?
Epinephrine catecholamine
Nor epinephrine catecholamine
119
What’s the receptor for the sympathetic nervous system?
Adrenergic
Alpha, one alpha, two beta one, beta two
120
Central nervous system is made up of
Brain and spinal cord
121
Peripheral nervous system is made out of
Somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscles
Autonomic nervous system controls and voluntary responses
122
What are the four lobes of the brain and where are they for?
Frontal lobe is for a speech smell and conscious thought
Parietal is for primary senses, body awareness, taste language
Temporals for reading, and hearing
Occipital is for vision
123
What are the intrinsic rates of the heart?
Sa 60 to 100
AV, 40 to 60
Purkinji, 20 to 40
124
What are the three planes of the body?
Coronal front back transverse top and bottom sagittal left and right
125
What are the different color tube tops used for at the hospital
Gray could used to be tested alcohol blood levels
Green is used for premature coagulation of blood with heparin Test, electrolytes glucose and cardiac enzymes
Lavender used for blood counts
Light blue and sodium citrate used to test pro thrombin time
126
What’s the Hartford consensus?
It’s the recommendations for mass shooting
Threat suppression hemorrhage, control, rapid extraction to safety assessment transport 
127
How do you tell axis deviation?
Normal access were result and positive. QRS is in both lead one in AVF.
If there’s a negative and lead one in a positive AVF, this is right access deviation
If there’s a positive and lead one a negative and AVF, this indicates Lex left access deviation
Negative QRS in both leads indicates extreme access deviation
128
If you lose your gag reflex, it affects which nerve
Cranial nerve vagus nerve 10
129
What is the lethal triad of death?
Acidosis hypothermia coagulopathy
130
What is considered a critical burn?
Partial thickness burn of greater than 30%
Critical burn is burns involving hands, feet face or genitals
Circumference burns of torso, arms and legs greater than 10% of the body
Any thickness burn or airway or respiratory involved?
Patients age less than five or over 55 with a moderated burn
And other trauma, such as fractures involved
131
What are the four classes of blood loss?
Class one less than 15%
Class 2. 15 to 30%
Class three 30 to 40%
Class five over 40% blood loss
132
What are external factors that affect gas exchange respiration?
Carbon monoxide and high altitude
133
What are internal factors that affect respiration?
COPD and pulmonary edema
