Airway and Cardiology Flashcards
Periodic breathing shallow and deep, respirations that are irregular spaced out by periods of apnea
Caused by recreational, drug use, and poor positions, sleeping 
Cheyne stokes
Rapid, deep and labored breathing very deep, breathing
Caused by metabolic acidosis, dka or renal failure

Kussmauls
Shallow, respirations with periods of apnea. 
Caused by trauma pressure brain, bleed and herniation, stroke, and Opioid use 
Biots
Complete irregularity of breathing with very long pauses of apnea shallow ventilations, and deep ventilations.
Cause my strokes or trauma. Damage to the medulla oblongata 
Ataxia 
What is the airway pathway?
 Air goes through naso and oro pharynx. The. down the layrnx, which contains the vocal cords down the trachea, and into the left and right main stem, bronchi the area where the trachea splits is known as the corina
Where do you hear tracheal breath sounds
Over the sternum 
What do you hear bronchial vascular sounds
Upper part of sternum between scapulae
What do wheezes usually indicate
Constricted lower airway
Common in asthma, COPD
What does crackles indicate
What does early inspiratory crackles indicate
What does late inspiratory crackles indicate
Crackles indicates mucus or fluid and lower airways also also known as rales
Early indicates larger, proximal bronchi, open up, and they do not clear with coughing, COPD
Indicates peripheral alveoli, open up and patient with reduced lung volumes 
What does Ronchi indicate?
It indicates fluid or mucus in the lower airways, and it’s common in pneumonia patients
Ronchi and the bronchi
Rubbing sound 
What does stridor indicate and when is it heard?
Stridor is a high-pitched sound during inspiratory phase
Upper airway obstruction caused by swelling, trauma disease or foreign body
Describe the four phases of CO2 
Phase 1  the beginning of exhalation 
Phase 2 points B and C measures CO2 as it flows through the entitle device
Phase 3  the Alveolar plateau.  point C and D. Peak of exhalation 
Phase 4 marks, inhalation downward slope, back to 0 mmHg
What is the normal range of CO2?
Between 35 and 45
What is the trademark sign of hyper ventilation?
When the CO2 level is LESS than 35

What is the sine of hypo ventilation?
CO2 greater than 45
If the CO2 is less than 35 what should you tell the person to do?
If the CO2 is greater than 45 what should you tell the person to do?
Less than 35 you should tell the person to slow down the bagging. O2 down means need slower.
Greater than 45 you should tell the person to bag faster. O2 up means needs faster.
Where should the O2 level be during CPR? For compressions 
10 mmHg or more 
If the CO2 reading is less than 10 the quality of compressions needs to improve
If the entitle rapidly increases to over 45 mmHg what do you have? 
RoSC
Because of the release of buildup of CO2
What is curarea cleft? Seen in phase 3 
Phase 3 is the top
 for patient with ETT it Indicates that the neuromuscular blockade is off, and the patient is making an effort to breathe on their own 
You have 2 to 3 minutes to give another dose of neuromuscular blocker
Succs vecuronium, rocuronium  a.k.a paralytics 
How do you size an NPA
Tip of the nose to the earlobe
