Airway and Cardiology

Question 1

Periodic breathing shallow and deep, respirations that are irregular spaced out by periods of apnea

Caused by recreational, drug use, and poor positions, sleeping 

Answer 1

Cheyne stokes

Question 2

Rapid, deep and labored breathing very deep, breathing

Caused by metabolic acidosis, dka or renal failure


Answer 2

Kussmauls

Question 3

Shallow, respirations with periods of apnea. 

Caused by trauma pressure brain, bleed and herniation, stroke, and Opioid use 

Answer 3

Biots

Question 4

Complete irregularity of breathing with very long pauses of apnea shallow ventilations, and deep ventilations.

Cause my strokes or trauma. Damage to the medulla oblongata 

Answer 4

Ataxia 

Question 5

What is the airway pathway?

Answer 5

 Air goes through naso and oro pharynx. The. down the layrnx, which contains the vocal cords down the trachea, and into the left and right main stem, bronchi the area where the trachea splits is known as the corina

Question 6

Where do you hear tracheal breath sounds

Answer 6

Over the sternum 

Question 7

What do you hear bronchial vascular sounds

Answer 7

Upper part of sternum between scapulae

Question 8

What do wheezes usually indicate

Answer 8

Constricted lower airway

Common in asthma, COPD

Question 9

What does crackles indicate

What does early inspiratory crackles indicate

What does late inspiratory crackles indicate

Answer 9

Crackles indicates mucus or fluid and lower airways also also known as rales

Early indicates larger, proximal bronchi, open up, and they do not clear with coughing, COPD

Indicates peripheral alveoli, open up and patient with reduced lung volumes 

Question 10

What does Ronchi indicate?

Answer 10

It indicates fluid or mucus in the lower airways, and it’s common in pneumonia patients

Ronchi and the bronchi

Rubbing sound 

Question 11

What does stridor indicate and when is it heard?

Answer 11

Stridor is a high-pitched sound during inspiratory phase

Upper airway obstruction caused by swelling, trauma disease or foreign body

Question 12

Describe the four phases of CO2 

Answer 12

Phase 1  the beginning of exhalation 
Phase 2 points B and C measures CO2 as it flows through the entitle device
Phase 3  the Alveolar plateau.  point C and D. Peak of exhalation 
Phase 4 marks, inhalation downward slope, back to 0 mmHg

Question 13

What is the normal range of CO2?

Answer 13

Between 35 and 45

Question 14

What is the trademark sign of hyper ventilation?

Answer 14

When the CO2 level is LESS than 35



Question 15

What is the sine of hypo ventilation?

Answer 15

CO2 greater than 45

Question 16

If the CO2 is less than 35 what should you tell the person to do?

If the CO2 is greater than 45 what should you tell the person to do?

Answer 16

Less than 35 you should tell the person to slow down the bagging. O2 down means need slower.

Greater than 45 you should tell the person to bag faster. O2 up means needs faster.

Question 17

Where should the O2 level be during CPR? For compressions 

Answer 17

10 mmHg or more 

If the CO2 reading is less than 10 the quality of compressions needs to improve

Question 18

If the entitle rapidly increases to over 45 mmHg what do you have? 

Answer 18

RoSC

Because of the release of buildup of CO2

Question 19

What is curarea cleft? Seen in phase 3 

Answer 19

Phase 3 is the top

 for patient with ETT it Indicates that the neuromuscular blockade is off, and the patient is making an effort to breathe on their own 

You have 2 to 3 minutes to give another dose of neuromuscular blocker
Succs vecuronium, rocuronium  a.k.a paralytics 

Question 20

How do you size an NPA

Answer 20

Tip of the nose to the earlobe