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Cardio Pulm > Random Additions > Flashcards

Random Additions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the imaging signs of cardiac tamponade

A

Enlarged cardiac silhouette

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2
Q

What is Beck’s triad

A

Distant heart sounds
Jugular distension
Hypotension

All signs of cardiac tamponade

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3
Q

What is a pulmonary meniscus sign

A

Sign of pleural effusion

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4
Q

What is a coin sign

A

Round light spot on CXR

May be calcified

Caused by tuberculosis, neoplasms, cysts, vascular anomalies

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5
Q

What are Kerley lines

A

Signs of disease such as pulmonary edema, lymphoma and other cancers, pneumonia

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6
Q

What is CO used to measure in the body

A

Oxygen diffusion capacity since CO doesn’t diffuse well but binds tightly

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7
Q

What A supplies the pericardium

A

Internal thoracic A —> pericardiacophrenic A

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8
Q

Where does fluid normally accumulate in the lungs

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

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9
Q

What is respiratory quotient

A

CO2 produced/O2 consumed

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10
Q

What does the musculophrenic A supply

A

Anterior intercostal A to spaces 7-9 and diaphragm

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11
Q

What is the effect of adenosine

A

Vasodilator

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12
Q

When does renin increase

A

In response to increased movement

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13
Q

What is used for quiet breathing

A

Diaphragm only

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14
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus give rise to

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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15
Q

What does the bulbus cordis give rise to

A

Smooth parts of the R and L ventricle

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16
Q

What does the endocardial cushion give rise to

A

Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum, AV and semilunar valves

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17
Q

What does the primitive atrium give rise to

A

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

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18
Q

What does the primitive ventricle give rise to

A

Trabeculated part of the RV and LV

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19
Q

What does the primitive pulmonary vein give rise to

A

Smooth part of LA

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20
Q

What does the left horn of the sinus venosus give rise to

A

Coronary sinus

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21
Q

What does the right horn of the sinus venosus give rise to

A

Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

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22
Q

What does the right common cardinal V and the right anterior cardinal V give rise to

A

Superior vena cava

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23
Q

What is the general order of formation of the atrial wall

A
  1. Septum primum grows in and forms and narrows the foramen primum
  2. Septum secundum grows down and stops closer to top of heart
  3. Septum primum forms the foramen ovale
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24
Q

What are associated with problems of the neural cells to migrate

A

Transposition of the great vessels, tetralogy of fallot, persistent truncus arteriosus

25
Q

Where does blood enter the fetus

A

Ductus venosus into the inferior vena cava

26
Q

Enlargement of what heart portion can cause dysphagia

A

LA; presses on the left recurrent laryngeal

27
Q

What is phase 0 dominated by

A

Movement of Na

28
Q

What is phase 1

A

Initial repolarization

29
Q

What happens in phase 2

A

Ca influx and continued K efflux causing repolarization to stall

30
Q

What is phase 3

A

Rapid repolarization because slow v-gated K channels open

31
Q

What is phase 4

A

Resting potential

32
Q

What are the 5 T that cause R to L shunting

A 
Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of great vessels
Tricuspid atresia
Tetralogy of fallot
TAPVR (total anomalous pulmonary venous return)
33
Q

What are the symptoms of tetralogy of fallot

A 
PROVe
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricle hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
Vsd
34
Q

What are the L to R shunts

A

VSD>ASD>PDA

35
Q

What are the symptoms of VSD

A

Increased O2 in RV and pulmonary A

36
Q

What is eisenmenger syndrome

A

L-> R shunting from uncorrected L->R shunt and then RV hypertrophy and then R->L shunting

Late cyanosis, clubbing of fingers, polycythemia

37
Q

What can rubella in mom lead to

A

PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis, and septal defects

38
Q

What can LHF lead to

A

Orthopnea (SOB while supine)
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Pulmonary edema

39
Q

What can RHF lead to

A

Hepatomegaly
Jugular venous distention
Peripheral edema

40
Q

Where do you hear ASD

A

S2 sound

41
Q

What is down syndrome linked with

A

ASD VSD

42
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot linked to

A

DiGeorge Syndrome or 22q11 deletion

43
Q

What is coarction of the aorta linked to

A

Turner syndrome

44
Q

What is aortic atresia linked to

A

Marfans

45
Q

What is a mother with diabetes mellitus linked to

A

Transposition of great A

46
Q

Errors in what stage of lung development lead to tracheoesophageal atresia

A

Embryonic

47
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava, esophagus, and aorta pierce the diaphragm

A

T8, T10, T12

I 8 10 Eggs At 12

48
Q

What increases the compliance of lungs

A

Emphysema and aging

49
Q

What decreases compliance

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, RDS, pulmonary edema

Surfactant increases compliance

50
Q

What causes right shifts

A 
ACE BATs right handed (when these increase you get a right shift causing decreased O2 affinity)
Acid
CO2
Exercise
2,3 Bpg
Altitude
Temperature
51
Q

What makes the R main bronchus more likely to get stuff stuck in

A

Shorter length of R main bronchus

52
Q

What is the cupola

A

Apex of lung above first rib

53
Q

What has a 1 nerve connection from sympathetics

A

Nictonics to adrenal gland

54
Q

Which has a long preganglionic? Short preganglionic?

A

Parasympathetic; sympathetic

55
Q

What is the first area of the lung without cartilage

A

Bronchiole

56
Q

What has a flattened mesothelium and has extensive lymphatic channels

A

Visceral pleura

57
Q

What is polymastia

A

Supernumerary breasts

58
Q

What is polythelia

A

Acessory nipples

59
Q

Enlargement of the breast in men

A

Could be a symptom of suprarenal or testicular cancer

Cardio Pulm (22 decks)

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