Lecture 17 - Control of Respiration

Question 1

What follows immediately after phrenic n firing

Answer 1

Inspiration

Question 2

What is the central respiratory center? Where is it located

Answer 2

Dorsal respiratory group and ventral respiratory group; medulla

Question 3

Where is the botzinger and pre-botzinger complex?

Answer 3

Medulla in ventral respiratory group

Question 4

What does the pre-botzinger control

Answer 4

Core respiratory rhythm

Question 5

What does the pneumotaxic or pontine respiratory group control

Answer 5

Modifies inspiratory timing

These AP turn off inpsiration

Question 6

Where is the pontine respiratory group

Answer 6

Pons

Question 7

What controls the tidal volume

Answer 7

Dorsal respiratory group

Question 8

What does the ventral respiratory group control

Answer 8

Inspiration, expiration, depth

It coordinates all these

Question 9

What does the caudal portion of the VRG do

Answer 9

Premotor to upper airways (other expiratory muscles)

Question 10

What does the rostral portion of the VRG control

Answer 10

Premotor to phrenic (other inspiratory muscles)

Question 11

What modifies the DRG with sensory input

Answer 11

Vagus and glossopharyngeal nn

Question 12

When is the VRG inactive

Answer 12

Quiet breathing

Question 13

What does the ventral respiratory group excite

Answer 13

Expiratory muscles (intercostals and abdominals)

Question 14

Increased firing of the pneumotaxic center does what

Answer 14

Signals for increased RR

Question 15

What happens when you lesion the PRG

Answer 15

Failure to terminate inspiration

Question 16

What change in firing levels in the DRG would you expect with:

Increased CO2
Decreased O2
Increased H+

Answer 16

All would result in increased firing

Question 17

What do chemoreceptors do in relation to RR

Answer 17

When they are active they work to increase RR

Question 18

Where are the central chemoreceptors located

Answer 18

Ventral surface of the medulla

They are sensitive to changes in H+ and CO2

Question 19

Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to O2 at what level

Answer 19

Below 60 mm Hg

Question 20

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 20

Aortic arch and carotid body

Question 21

What are peripheral chemoreceptors sensitive to

Answer 21

CO2 and H+

Question 22

Are central or peripheral chemoreceptors faster to respond

Answer 22

Peripheral

Question 23

What do peripheral chemoreceptors do to effect change

Answer 23

Increase RR and Vt

Question 24

What type of specialized cells are found in peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 24

Glomus cells detect PO2 and their Vm changes and they release that to an afferent fiber

Question 25

What do the central chemoreceptors effect

Answer 25

Increased RR, response to hypercapnia

Question 26

How do central chemoreceptors measure H+ and CO2

Answer 26

They sample CSF pH and CO2 of plasma

Question 27

What do the mechanoreceptors in the airways do

Answer 27

They respond to stretch

Question 28

How do mechanoreceptors communicate with the brain

Answer 28

Vagus

Question 29

What do the mechanoreceptors firing cause

Answer 29

Inhibition of inspiration or prolonged expiration

Question 30

What are mechanoreceptor activations sometimes called

Answer 30

Hering-Breuer expiratory reflex

Question 31

What do the rapid adapting mechanoreceptors do

Answer 31

They are in the airway and react to irritants and produce coughing

Question 32

What do the J receptors do

Answer 32

Produce coughing and tachypnea

Question 33

What is the J receptor stimulus

Answer 33

Pulmonary edema

Question 34

Where are J receptors located

Answer 34

Near capillaries

Question 35

When does the cortex take over breathing

Answer 35

When talking or holding your breath