Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio Pulm > Lecture 7 - Histo Of The Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Histo Of The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of smooth muscle

A
  • fibers are fusiform
  • no visible striations
  • low, continuous force
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do SM contract

A

They condense toward focal densities which cause them to shrivel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are cardiac muscles organized

A

Short, branched and Y shaped with extensive capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are intercalated discs

A

Transverse junctions at the ends of cells that allow passage of electrical current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are purkinje cells

A

Modified cardiac muscle cells that act as pacemaker cellsq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium

A

Outer covering of dense connective tissue (dense irregular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the parts of the serous pericardium

A

Parietal layer, visceral layer, and pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

Covers the outer surface of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the space between the parietal and visceral pericardium

A

Pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the layers of the heart

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is in the epicardium layer

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is in the myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is in the endocardium

A

Areolar or loose CT AND endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cell type is found in endocardium

A

Simple squamous; flat cells that reduce drag in the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What portion of the heart covers the valves

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of CT is found in epicardium

A

Mostly loose CT but has pockets of dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What layer do we find coronary arteries? What are they embedded in?

A

Epicardium, adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which layer of the heart has mesothelium

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What layer is synonymous with visceral pericardium

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the thickest layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are contained in the myocardium

A

Cardiomyocytes, nodal cardiomyocytes, myoendocrine cardiomyocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do myoendocrine cardiomyocytes contain

A

Atrial granules; contain precursor of ANF (atrial natriuretic factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does ANF do?

A

Targets kidneys to decrease Na and H2O retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What kind of t-tubules do myocardium have

A

Diad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the orientation of the intercalated disc

A

Always perpendicular to fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the adhesion site of the intercalated discs

A

Fascia adherens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are actin filaments at the end of terminal sarcomeres that insert into the interdigitating junction

A

Fascia adherens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 2 types of regions and their subcategories in the interdigitating junction

A

Transverse

  • fascia adherens
  • desmosomes

Longitudinal
-gap junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

They are transverse regions that provide anchorage for the intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are gap junctions

A

Longitudinal junctions that allow excitation to pass between cells since they are low resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the difference between t-tubules in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

A

Card

  • they are diads
  • 1 t-tubule and 1 SR cisterna

Skeletal

  • triad
  • 1 t-tubule and 2 SR cisternae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the purpose of T-tubules

A

They distribute Ca to all muscle fibers in a bundle which permits uniform contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What causes liver spots on the skin

A

Lipofuscin granules

35
Q

What are lipofuscin granules

A

Small bodies that accumulate with age in stable and non-dividing cells

They contain matter derive from lysosomal digestion

36
Q

What are the layers of endocardium

A

Endothelium (simple squamous) and thin layer of loose CT (areolar)

37
Q

What is subendocardial layer? What is unique

A

This is a thin layer of CT with smooth muscle that contains purkinje fibers

It is only found in ventricles

38
Q

Where are the purkinje fibers in the atria

A

They are often closer to the endothelium and intermixed with myocardium

39
Q

What is the general path of electrical signals

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node —> atrioventricular (AV) node —> AV bundle (Bundle of His) —> R/L bundle branches —> purkinje fibers

40
Q

What are nodal cardiomyocytes

A

Modified cardiomyocytes within the SA/AV nodes that relay electrical signals

41
Q

What are subendocardial branches

A

cells that transmit signal to ventricular cardiomyocytes

42
Q

What kind of CT is the cardiac skeleton

A

Dense, irregular CT located in the endocardium

43
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiac skeleton

A
  1. Anchors valves and surrounds AV canals to maintain shape
  2. Contribute to interventricular and interatrial septa
  3. Extends into the valve cusps and chordae tendinae
    • insertion of cardiac muscle
    • electrical insulator between atria and ventricles
44
Q

What does dense, irregular CT have a lot of

A

Collagen

45
Q

What are the heart valves continuous with

A

Cardiac skeleton

46
Q

What is the composition of a heart valve

A

The core is fibroelastic CT (lamina fibrosa) covered by endothelium

The fibroelastic layer condenses to form a valve ring (central portion of valve)

47
Q

What are the layers of vessels? How are they different in arteries and veins

A 
Tunica intima (innermost)
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia or externa (outermost)

The media is bigger in arteries and the externa is bigger in veins

48
Q

What is in the tunica externa

A

Fibroblasts, elastin, collagen, vaso vasorum, and nerves

The CT functions to keep anchor vessels to an organ

49
Q

What is the vaso vasorum? Where is it found

A

Blood vessels that feed the layers of larger vessels

Tunica externa

50
Q

What is contained in the tunica media

A

SM, elastic and reticular fibers, and sensory fibers as well as external elastic lamina

51
Q

What is in the tunica intima

A 
Endothelium
Subendothelium (loose CT)
Basal lamina (Type 4 collagen)
Internal elastic lamina (allows some of the force of contraction to be absorbed
52
Q

Where are the valves of veins contained

A

Tunica intima

53
Q

Where are elastic fibers found in the great arteries

A

All 3 layers

54
Q

What are some of the elastic arteries in the body

A 
Aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk
Common carotid 
Subclavian 
Pulmonary arterial vessels
55
Q

What are the 2nd to largest size of A?

A

Muscular A

56
Q

What are the characteristics of the muscular A

A

They have internal and external elastic lamina

Proportionally thicker tunica media

Most named A are muscular

57
Q

What do arterioles not have

A

Internal elastic lamina

58
Q

How thick is the tunica intima of arterioles

A

1 layer thick

59
Q

What arteries are most dynamic in size

A

Arterioles

60
Q

Sympathetic affects on arterioles? Parasympathetic?

A

Symp
-vasoconstriction = raise BP

Parasymp
-vasodilation = lower BP

61
Q

How thick is the tunica intima in capillaries

A

1 cell

62
Q

What is the primary function of capillary beds

A

Waste drop off and nutrient pick up

63
Q

What controls the flow of blood through caps

A

Pericytes

64
Q

What brings blood into a capillary bed

A

Metarterioles

65
Q

What are true capillaries

A

Branches off of the metarteriole with rings of SM on their walls

66
Q

What is a thoroughfare channel

A

Direct channel through capillaries without branching

67
Q

What do capillary beds drain into

A

Postcapillary venule

68
Q

What are some roles of endothelial cells in the capillaries

A

They support basement membrane
Produce collagen
Metabolically involved in blood coag and thrombosis
Involved in vasodilation and constriction

69
Q

What are the capillary types from most open to least

A

Sinusoid (discontinuous) , fenestrated, continuous

70
Q

What are some examples of continuous capillaries

A

Thymus barrier, blood brain, blood and testes

71
Q

What are some examples of fenestrated capillaries

A

Kidneys, endocrine organs, intestinal walls, choroid plexus

72
Q

What are some examples of sinusoidal capillaries

A

Bone marrow, liber, and spleen

73
Q

Where is 60% of the body’s blood at rest

A

Venules - they function as blood reservoirs

74
Q

Do venules have valves

A

No, but veins do

75
Q

Where do veins/venules usually travel

A

With their companion A

76
Q

Which veins have well developed tunica media

A

Med/large

77
Q

What level of veins have vasa vasorum

A

L

78
Q

What do the pressure differences across capillaries cause

A

Flow into lymph vessels

79
Q

How are lymph and veins similar

A

they both have one way valves to ensure that flow is unidirectional

80
Q

how do lymphatic endothelial cells compare to caps

A

the lymph cells are larger

81
Q

What does a lymphatic vessel lack

A

basal lamina

82
Q

What layers do lymphatic vessels have

A

tunica intima, media, externa

83
Q

what should not be in lymph vessels

A

RBC

84
Q

What does the thoracic dudct drain into

A

braciocephalic v

Cardio Pulm (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions