Lecture 3 - Respiratory Histology

Question 1

what structures are in the conducting portion of the airway

Answer 1

nasal cavity to sinuses to nasopharynx to tracheal to bronchi to bronchioles to terminal bronchioles

Question 2

what structures are in the respiratory portion of the airway

Answer 2

respiratory bronchioles to alveolar ducts to alveolar sacs

Question 3

what is the purpose of the conducting portion

Answer 3

collect and warm air

Question 4

what is the purpose of the respiratory portion

Answer 4

pass air over the alveoli to exchange gases

Question 5

goblet cells contain what type of granules

Answer 5

mucin

Question 6

what conditions cause goblet cells to make more mucus

Answer 6

infection

Question 7

what pleura is in contact with the lungs? which is more external

Answer 7

visceral; parietal

Question 8

what is the visceral pleura covered in

Answer 8

flattened mesothelium; these help divide the lungs since they are continuous with the parenchyma

Question 9

which pleura contains extensive lymphatic vessels

Answer 9

visceral

Question 10

The trachea has what muscle on the posterior portion

Answer 10

trachealis m

Question 11

what kind of cartilage is in the trachea

Answer 11

horseshoes of hyaline cartilage

Question 12

what kind of cells are in the trachea

Answer 12

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 13

the primary bronchus are characterized by what type of cells

Answer 13

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 14

what makes the primary brochioles different from the trachea

Answer 14

• increased elastic fibers
• fewer goblet cells
• increased elastic fibers
• incomplete cartilage plates

Question 15

what differentiates the bronchioles

Answer 15

prominent smooth muscle
no cartilage
no sub mucosa
no cartilage

Question 16

what does the smooth muscle control in bronchioles

Answer 16

bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

Question 17

what cell type is in bronchioles

Answer 17

simple columnar ciliated

Question 18

what differentiates the terminal bronchioles

Answer 18

1-2 layers of SM
clara cells - dome shaped cells with granular cytoplasm
surfactant is made here

Question 19

what cell type are the terminal brochioles

Answer 19

simple columnar ciliated

Question 20

what cell type are the respiratory bronchioles

Answer 20

simple cuboidal ciliated

Question 21

what do respiratory bronchioles split into

Answer 21

alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs -> alveoli

Question 22

what cell types are the alveoli

Answer 22

simple squamous epithelium

Question 23

what is the alveolar septum

Answer 23

wall of alveolar capillaries surrounded by elastin and collagen fibers

Question 24

what are alveolar pores

Answer 24

small openings that permit movement of air between alveoli

Question 25

what are dust cells

Answer 25

alveolar macrophages

Question 26

what are the characteristics of type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 26

thin and flat for gas exchange

Question 27

what are the characteristics of type 2 pneumocytes

Answer 27

rounded cells that comprise about 60% of the epithelium and they secrete surfactant