Lecture 3 - Respiratory Histology Flashcards
what structures are in the conducting portion of the airway
nasal cavity to sinuses to nasopharynx to tracheal to bronchi to bronchioles to terminal bronchioles
what structures are in the respiratory portion of the airway
respiratory bronchioles to alveolar ducts to alveolar sacs
what is the purpose of the conducting portion
collect and warm air
what is the purpose of the respiratory portion
pass air over the alveoli to exchange gases
goblet cells contain what type of granules
mucin
what conditions cause goblet cells to make more mucus
infection
what pleura is in contact with the lungs? which is more external
visceral; parietal
what is the visceral pleura covered in
flattened mesothelium; these help divide the lungs since they are continuous with the parenchyma
which pleura contains extensive lymphatic vessels
visceral
The trachea has what muscle on the posterior portion
trachealis m
what kind of cartilage is in the trachea
horseshoes of hyaline cartilage
what kind of cells are in the trachea
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
the primary bronchus are characterized by what type of cells
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what makes the primary brochioles different from the trachea
- increased elastic fibers
- fewer goblet cells
- increased elastic fibers
- incomplete cartilage plates
what differentiates the bronchioles
prominent smooth muscle
no cartilage
no sub mucosa
no cartilage
what does the smooth muscle control in bronchioles
bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation
what cell type is in bronchioles
simple columnar ciliated
what differentiates the terminal bronchioles
1-2 layers of SM
clara cells - dome shaped cells with granular cytoplasm
surfactant is made here
what cell type are the terminal brochioles
simple columnar ciliated
what cell type are the respiratory bronchioles
simple cuboidal ciliated
what do respiratory bronchioles split into
alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs -> alveoli
what cell types are the alveoli
simple squamous epithelium
what is the alveolar septum
wall of alveolar capillaries surrounded by elastin and collagen fibers
what are alveolar pores
small openings that permit movement of air between alveoli
what are dust cells
alveolar macrophages
what are the characteristics of type 1 pneumocytes
thin and flat for gas exchange
what are the characteristics of type 2 pneumocytes
rounded cells that comprise about 60% of the epithelium and they secrete surfactant
