Lecture 6 - Heart Anatomy Flashcards

(53 cards)

1
Q

What splits the mediastinal compartment into superior mediastinal

A

The bottom of the bottom of the manubrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What level is the bottom of the manubrium

A

T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The transition point between the xiphoid process and body of the sternum is at what spinal level? What is the portion of the mediastinum below this level

A

T9; inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nerve innervates the pericardium and what motor innervation does it have

A

Phrenic; diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

During cardiac tamponade what A is leaking

A

Pericardiophrenic A fills the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the symptoms of cardiac tamponade

A

Pressure collapses the venous return

  • shock
  • distension of v
  • low arterial BP
  • distant heart sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardiosentesis; needle into apex area of pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the transverse sinus

A

Posterior to aorta and pulmonary artery and anterior to vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the oblique pericardial sinus

A

Space between the left and right pulmonary v; inferiorly opens into to pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the pericardial layers

A

There is a outermost fibrous later inside that is a serous layer, on the outer surface of the heart is a serous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the apex of the heart normally

A

5th intercostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the heart normally

A

It is slightly twisted causing it to primarily be on the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the atrioventricular groove

A

A groove that separates the 2 atrium from the 2 ventricles; also called the coronary groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What separates the two ventricles

A

Anterior interventrical groove; there is also a posterior interventricular groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What runs in the anterior interventricular groove

A

Left coronary A and great cardiac V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What runs in the posterior interventricular groove

A

Posterior interventricular A and middle cardiac V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What runs in the coronary groove

A

Coronary sinus, main vein draining heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where do the superior vena cava and aorta branch

A

Around the 1st rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the LAD known as

A

Left anterior descending A or Anterior interventricular A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What A penetrates the heart

A

Atrioventricular nodal A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pathology of the LAD can affect what structure of the heart

A

Bundle of His

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What node is the pacemaker

23
Q

What does the sinuatrial nodal A branch off of

A

Right coronary A

24
Q

What is the most prominent A of the right coronary A

A

Right marginal A

25
What does the right marginal A terminate as
Posterior interventricular A
26
What does the left coronary A branch into
Circumflex A and LAD
27
A balanced heart happens in ____% of individuals
30
28
What is different in left dominant heart
Posterior branch comes off the circumflex A
29
Abnormal origin of the circumflex branch, where does it come off ofl?
Left circumflex comes off the R coronary A
30
What do the cardiac veins drain into
Coronary sinus
31
What veins drain straight into the RA
Anterior cardiac V
32
What is given for angina pectoralis
Nitroglycerin; this is chest pain
33
What is a thrombus? What is a embolism?
Blood clot; dislodged thrombus or plaque
34
What is the adult feature of the foramen ovale? What did it used to do
Fossa ovalis; connect RA to LA
35
Where is the tricuspid valve
Between RA and RV
36
What closes the valves of the heart
Papillary muscles pulling on chorda tendinae
37
What is the septal marginal trabeculae?
Regulatory band; RV structure that keeps the heart from overexpanding and carries bundle branches to the RV
38
Where is the mitral valve?
Also called bicupid valve; between LA and LV
39
What kind of CT is the cardiac skeleton
Dense irregular CT
40
What are the functions of the cardiac skeleton
- insulator between atrial and ventricular contractions - holds valves in place - origin and insertions for cardiac muscles
41
Where do the coronary arteries originate
Outside the left semilunar valve; they fill during diastole
42
Where is the best site to listen to the aortic semilunar valve
R 2nd intercostal
43
Where is the best place to listen to the pulmonary semilunar
L 2nd intercostal space
44
Where is the best place to listen to the mitral valve
L 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicle
45
Where is the best place to listen to the tricuspid valve
R 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicle
46
What coronary A block would affect the AV node
R
47
What is the cause of fibrillation
Ischemia causes extracellular K
48
Sympathetic preganglion cells are found where
Paravertebral
49
Cardiac innervation for sympathetic is from where
T1-T4/5
50
What postganglionic neurons are innervating the heart
Superior cervical ganglia, and middle/inferior ganglia, and thoracic ganglia
51
What are the parasympathetic fibers for the heart
Preganglionic fibers from vagus; superior/inferior cervical and thoracic and recurrent branches
52
Where does metabolic pain from the heart get referred to and from what
T1-4
53
If the sympathetics are cut to the heart, as they are in a CABG, what are some side effects
Heart takes longer to respond