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Cardio Pulm > Lecture 6 - Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What splits the mediastinal compartment into superior mediastinal

A

The bottom of the bottom of the manubrium

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2
Q

What level is the bottom of the manubrium

A

T5

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3
Q

The transition point between the xiphoid process and body of the sternum is at what spinal level? What is the portion of the mediastinum below this level

A

T9; inferior

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the pericardium and what motor innervation does it have

A

Phrenic; diaphragm

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5
Q

During cardiac tamponade what A is leaking

A

Pericardiophrenic A fills the pericardium

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of cardiac tamponade

A

Pressure collapses the venous return

  • shock
  • distension of v
  • low arterial BP
  • distant heart sounds
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7
Q

What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardiosentesis; needle into apex area of pericardium

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8
Q

Where is the transverse sinus

A

Posterior to aorta and pulmonary artery and anterior to vena cava

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9
Q

Where is the oblique pericardial sinus

A

Space between the left and right pulmonary v; inferiorly opens into to pericardium

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10
Q

What are the pericardial layers

A

There is a outermost fibrous later inside that is a serous layer, on the outer surface of the heart is a serous layer

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11
Q

Where is the apex of the heart normally

A

5th intercostal

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12
Q

Where is the heart normally

A

It is slightly twisted causing it to primarily be on the left side

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13
Q

What is the atrioventricular groove

A

A groove that separates the 2 atrium from the 2 ventricles; also called the coronary groove

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14
Q

What separates the two ventricles

A

Anterior interventrical groove; there is also a posterior interventricular groove

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15
Q

What runs in the anterior interventricular groove

A

Left coronary A and great cardiac V

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16
Q

What runs in the posterior interventricular groove

A

Posterior interventricular A and middle cardiac V

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17
Q

What runs in the coronary groove

A

Coronary sinus, main vein draining heart

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18
Q

Where do the superior vena cava and aorta branch

A

Around the 1st rib

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19
Q

What is the LAD known as

A

Left anterior descending A or Anterior interventricular A

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20
Q

What A penetrates the heart

A

Atrioventricular nodal A

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21
Q

Pathology of the LAD can affect what structure of the heart

A

Bundle of His

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22
Q

What node is the pacemaker

A

SA node

23
Q

What does the sinuatrial nodal A branch off of

A

Right coronary A

24
Q

What is the most prominent A of the right coronary A

A

Right marginal A

25
Q

What does the right marginal A terminate as

A

Posterior interventricular A

26
Q

What does the left coronary A branch into

A

Circumflex A and LAD

27
Q

A balanced heart happens in ____% of individuals

A

30

28
Q

What is different in left dominant heart

A

Posterior branch comes off the circumflex A

29
Q

Abnormal origin of the circumflex branch, where does it come off ofl?

A

Left circumflex comes off the R coronary A

30
Q

What do the cardiac veins drain into

A

Coronary sinus

31
Q

What veins drain straight into the RA

A

Anterior cardiac V

32
Q

What is given for angina pectoralis

A

Nitroglycerin; this is chest pain

33
Q

What is a thrombus? What is a embolism?

A

Blood clot; dislodged thrombus or plaque

34
Q

What is the adult feature of the foramen ovale? What did it used to do

A

Fossa ovalis; connect RA to LA

35
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve

A

Between RA and RV

36
Q

What closes the valves of the heart

A

Papillary muscles pulling on chorda tendinae

37
Q

What is the septal marginal trabeculae?

A

Regulatory band; RV structure that keeps the heart from overexpanding and carries bundle branches to the RV

38
Q

Where is the mitral valve?

A

Also called bicupid valve; between LA and LV

39
Q

What kind of CT is the cardiac skeleton

A

Dense irregular CT

40
Q

What are the functions of the cardiac skeleton

A
  • insulator between atrial and ventricular contractions
  • holds valves in place
  • origin and insertions for cardiac muscles
41
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate

A

Outside the left semilunar valve; they fill during diastole

42
Q

Where is the best site to listen to the aortic semilunar valve

A

R 2nd intercostal

43
Q

Where is the best place to listen to the pulmonary semilunar

A

L 2nd intercostal space

44
Q

Where is the best place to listen to the mitral valve

A

L 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicle

45
Q

Where is the best place to listen to the tricuspid valve

A

R 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicle

46
Q

What coronary A block would affect the AV node

A

R

47
Q

What is the cause of fibrillation

A

Ischemia causes extracellular K

48
Q

Sympathetic preganglion cells are found where

A

Paravertebral

49
Q

Cardiac innervation for sympathetic is from where

A

T1-T4/5

50
Q

What postganglionic neurons are innervating the heart

A

Superior cervical ganglia, and middle/inferior ganglia, and thoracic ganglia

51
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers for the heart

A

Preganglionic fibers from vagus; superior/inferior cervical and thoracic and recurrent branches

52
Q

Where does metabolic pain from the heart get referred to and from what

A

T1-4

53
Q

If the sympathetics are cut to the heart, as they are in a CABG, what are some side effects

A

Heart takes longer to respond

Cardio Pulm (22 decks)

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