Lecture 2 - Lower Respiratory Tract

Question 1

What is the general flow of air down from the nose

Answer 1

Trachea-> bronchi -> bronchial tubes -> alveoli

Question 2

Where does the trachea begin

Answer 2

A midline structure connected C6

Question 3

Where the cilia move mucus to

Answer 3

Laryngopharynx so it can be swallowed

Question 4

At what level does the trachea split

Answer 4

T4-5

Question 5

What is the composition of the trachea

Answer 5

20 horseshoe shaped hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle on the posterior wall, mucus glands

Question 6

Why are aspirated objects more likely to go into the right side

Answer 6

Larger diameter than left and more vertical than left

Question 7

How many lobes does right and left have

Answer 7

3; 2

Question 8

How many segments does the right side have? Left?

Answer 8

10; 8

Question 9

What is the difference between conducting and respiratory bronchioles

Answer 9

Respiratory ones contain alveoli

Question 10

What does the oblique fissure divide?

Answer 10

L - divides upper and lower

R - middle and lower and upper from lower

Question 11

What does the horizontal fissure divide

Answer 11

Divides upper and middle lobe in R

Question 12

What is the cardiac notch

Answer 12

Small notch in upper left lobe adjacent to heart

Question 13

What is the lingula

Answer 13

Upper left lobe adjacent to cardiac notch and looks like a tongue

Question 14

What is the area of the lungs above the 1st ribs

Answer 14

Apex of lungs or cupola

Question 15

What is the area of the lungs adjacent to the diaphragm

Answer 15

Base

Question 16

What is the hilum of the lungs

Answer 16

The area in the middle of the lungs which the A, V, and respiratory bronchi

Question 17

What is the visceral pleura

Answer 17

The innermost pleura which covers the surface of the lungs

Question 18

Where does the pulmonary trunk emerge from

Answer 18

Right ventricle

Question 19

What brings oxygenated blood back to the heart

Answer 19

Pulmonary veins

Question 20

What is the innervation of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 20

CN X - Vagus

Question 21

Where are the stretch receptors in the lungs

Answer 21

Alveoli and smooth muscle

Question 22

Where are irritant receptors

Answer 22

They are located in respiratory epithelium

Question 23

What are the tactile receptors of the lungs

Answer 23

They are responsible for cough reflex

Question 24

What are baroreceptors and where are they?

Answer 24

Pulmonary A, they sense changes in blood pressure

Question 25

What are chemoreceptors

Answer 25

Receptors that detect blood gases in pulmonary V

Question 26

What is parenchyma of the lungs

Answer 26

The active respiratory tissue

Question 27

What is the drainage of the lymph in the chest

Answer 27

Tracheal -> tracheobronchial -> bronchopulmonary (hilar) -> pulmonary nodes

Question 28

What does the superficial plexus drain

Answer 28

Lymph from visceral pleura and lung parenchyma to the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes in the hilum

Question 29

What does the deep plexus drain

Answer 29

Drains lymph from bronchi to pulmonary lymph nodes near the hilum then does to the bronchopulmonary nodes in the hilum

Question 30

What is the carina

Answer 30

The bifurcation of the trachea that splits left and right