Lecture 2 - Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards
What is the general flow of air down from the nose
Trachea-> bronchi -> bronchial tubes -> alveoli
Where does the trachea begin
A midline structure connected C6
Where the cilia move mucus to
Laryngopharynx so it can be swallowed
At what level does the trachea split
T4-5
What is the composition of the trachea
20 horseshoe shaped hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle on the posterior wall, mucus glands
Why are aspirated objects more likely to go into the right side
Larger diameter than left and more vertical than left
How many lobes does right and left have
3; 2
How many segments does the right side have? Left?
10; 8
What is the difference between conducting and respiratory bronchioles
Respiratory ones contain alveoli
What does the oblique fissure divide?
L - divides upper and lower
R - middle and lower and upper from lower
What does the horizontal fissure divide
Divides upper and middle lobe in R
What is the cardiac notch
Small notch in upper left lobe adjacent to heart
What is the lingula
Upper left lobe adjacent to cardiac notch and looks like a tongue
What is the area of the lungs above the 1st ribs
Apex of lungs or cupola
What is the area of the lungs adjacent to the diaphragm
Base
What is the hilum of the lungs
The area in the middle of the lungs which the A, V, and respiratory bronchi
What is the visceral pleura
The innermost pleura which covers the surface of the lungs
Where does the pulmonary trunk emerge from
Right ventricle
What brings oxygenated blood back to the heart
Pulmonary veins
What is the innervation of the lower respiratory tract
CN X - Vagus
Where are the stretch receptors in the lungs
Alveoli and smooth muscle
Where are irritant receptors
They are located in respiratory epithelium
What are the tactile receptors of the lungs
They are responsible for cough reflex
What are baroreceptors and where are they?
Pulmonary A, they sense changes in blood pressure
What are chemoreceptors
Receptors that detect blood gases in pulmonary V
What is parenchyma of the lungs
The active respiratory tissue
What is the drainage of the lymph in the chest
Tracheal -> tracheobronchial -> bronchopulmonary (hilar) -> pulmonary nodes
What does the superficial plexus drain
Lymph from visceral pleura and lung parenchyma to the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes in the hilum
What does the deep plexus drain
Drains lymph from bronchi to pulmonary lymph nodes near the hilum then does to the bronchopulmonary nodes in the hilum
What is the carina
The bifurcation of the trachea that splits left and right
