Random Flashcards
What causes rat bite fever? tx?
Sterptobacillus monoliformis/spirillum minus
Tx: penicillin
What is a VHF caused by ticks? rats?
Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever
Rats: Lassa
What is a snail track ulcer characteristic of?
Secondary syphilis
What cells are usually not seen in stomach?
Goblet = intestinal metaplasia
Layers of mucosa of stomach?
Columnar epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa (erosion stops here)
Layers of oesophagus?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis propria
2 types of barrett’s(CLO)?
With goblet cells (intestinal type) - higher risk
Without goblet cells (gastric type)
What is SCC of oesophagus linked to?
Alcohol and smoking
Causes of chronic gastritis?
Autoimmune
Bacteria
Chemical
What helps H pylori attach?
cag-A –> chronic (–> cancer)
2 types of gastric adenocarcinoma?
Intestinal - well-diff
Diffuse - poorly diff e.g. linitis plastica, signet ring cell carcinoma
Characteristic feature off H pylori in upper GI?
Lymphoid follicles (but crypts full of neuts = MALToma)
What infection apart from H pylori can cause duodenitis?
Tropheryma whippelii
What infection mimics Coeliac histology?
Tropical sprue
Precursor of Coeliac?
Lymphocytic duodenitis
Where is ankyrin mutation found?
Spherocytosis
Where is protein 4.2 found?
Spherocytosis
Where is alpha spectrin found?
Elliptocytosis
Inheritance of spherocytosis?
Autosomal dominant
Definitive diagnosis for spherocytosis?
Eosin-5-maleimide on flow cytometry = less binding
Cause of gout?
Monosodium urate monohydrate
Cause of pseudogout?
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
Most common RF for brain tumours?
Radiation
Chemo for high grade gliomas?
Temozolomide (or biologics like EGFR, PD-1 i)