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Pathology Summaries > MICRO: Antivirals and Influenza > Flashcards

MICRO: Antivirals and Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

What immune modulation treatment is available for genital warts?

A

Imiquimod

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2
Q

What are the 3 beta-herpes viruses?

A

CMV and HHV6/7

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3
Q

What are the gamma herpes viruses?

A

EBV and HHV-8

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of each herpes group?

A

Alpha -rapid growth
Beta - slow growth
Gamma - oncogenic

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5
Q

What is the MOA of acyclovir? What is it most effective against?

A

Guanosine analogue - HSV 1> 2> VZV

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6
Q

What is the enzyme which converts acyclovir into active form ?

A

Viral thymidine kinase (mutation target)

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7
Q

What is the risk of varicella vs zoster in older adults?

A

Varicella –> pneumonitis

Zoster –> post-herpetic neuralgia

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8
Q

What is the MOA of oseltamivir?

A

Inhibits influenza neuraminidase

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9
Q

What cells does CMV lie latent in?

A

Monocytes and DCs

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10
Q

What is the tx of CMV pneumonitis in a post-transplant patient?

A

Ganciclovir + IVIG

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11
Q

What is the tx for CMV retinitis?

A

Foscarnet intravitreal

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12
Q

What is used as CMV prophylaxis?

A

Letermovir in CMV IgG+ HSCT recipients

Or GCV prophylactically in solid organ transplant patients

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13
Q

What is the MOA of letermovir?

A

CMV specific - DNA terminase inhibitor

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14
Q

What is the MOA of ganciclovir?

A

Guanosine analogue

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15
Q

How is ganciclovir converted into its active form?

A

Viral UL97 kinase (resistance target)

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16
Q

Why can you not give ganciclovir in BMT patients?

A

It is BM toxic - give foscarnet instead

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17
Q

What is the MOA of foscarnet?

A

Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor - nephrotoxic but not BM toxic

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18
Q

What is the MOA of cidofovir?

A

Cytidine analogue

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19
Q

What is cidofovir activated by?

A

No activation required but may require probenicid to prevent its excretion

20
Q

How is EBV transmitted?

A

Saliva

21
Q

How is PTLD diagnosed?

A

EBV viral load >10^5 c/ml in blood

22
Q

What is a mAb used for PTLD?

A

anti-CD20 rituximab

23
Q

Which influenza mutations means less susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

H 275 Y mutation in H1N1

24
Q

What combination treatment can be used for influenza?

A

Favipravir + oseltamivir

25
Q

What is the MOA of favipravir?

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor

26
Q

What is the MOA of ribavirin?

A

Guanoside analogue

27
Q

What mAb is used for RSV?

A

Palivizumab

28
Q

What is an antiviral used for SARS-CoV2?

A

Remdesivir

Molnupiravir

29
Q

What is the MOA of remdesivir?

A

Adenosine analogue

30
Q

What is the MOA of molnupiravir used in SARS-CoV2?

A

Indices viral RNA mutagenesis

31
Q

What is a mAb used for SARS-CoV2?

A

Ronapreve

Sotrovimab

32
Q

What is the aim of mAbs in SARS-CoV2?

A

Give early to those at high risk of severe disease

33
Q

What cytokine immunomodulator is used in SARS-CoV2?

A

Tocilizumab - IL-6 R antagonist

also anakinra - IL-1 R antagonist

34
Q

When can you give remdesivir?

A

All patients <10 days

35
Q

When can you give cytokine immunomodulation in SARS-CoV2?

A

Oxygen requirement and high CRP

36
Q

What is the tx for BK haemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Cidofovir (+probenicid) + bladder washout + reduce immunosuppression

37
Q

What is the tx for adenovirus in paed transplant pt?

A

Cidofovir +/- IVIG

38
Q

What is the term given to viruses which are heterogenous?

A

Quasispecies

39
Q

What is the genetic material of influenza like?

A

8 segments of dsDNA

40
Q

Which mutation must avian influenza gain to replicate in humans?

A

PB2 mutation E627K

41
Q

What causes antigenic shift?

A

Reassortment

42
Q

What is neuraminidase also known as?

A

Sialic acid enzyme or sialidase

43
Q

What does the new influenza drug baloxavir target?

A

PA endonuclease

44
Q

What Ag is rich in influenza vaccines?

A

HA

45
Q

What drug would a COVID patient in ITU most benefit from?

A

Dexamethasone (virus has probably stopped replicating by the time they reach ITU)

Pathology Summaries (23 decks)

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