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Pathology Summaries > HISTO: Renal pathology > Flashcards

HISTO: Renal pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pressure at the glomerulus?

A

60mmHg

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2
Q

What is the volume of blood filtered by glomeruli per minute?

A

125ml/min

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3
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of adult PCKD?

A

AD

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4
Q

What is an iatrogenic cause of renal cysts?

A

Dialysis in ESRD

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5
Q

Which type of malignancy occurs due to renal cysts?

A

papillary cell

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6
Q

What is the UO criteria in stage 3 AKI?

A

<0.3ml/kg/hr for 24hrs or anuria for 12hrs

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7
Q

What happens to the brush border of epithelial cells in ATN?

A

Apoptosis and sloughing leading to obstruction

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8
Q

Compared to ATN, what is the mechanism in ATIN?

A

Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis is usually caused by immune damage (but can also be drugs/infection). Interstitial inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils and granulomas is seen.

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9
Q

What are two characteristic features of acute glomerulonephrotis?

A

Urine casts

Crescents

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10
Q

What are 3 types of crescenteric glomerulonephritis?

A

Immune complex-associated - SLE/IgA/post strep
Anti-GBM
Pauci-immune

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11
Q

Which crescenteric GN is ANCA positive?

A

Pauci-immune

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12
Q

What are Abs directed at in anti-GMB GN?

A

C terminal of collagen type IV

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13
Q

What is an extra renal complication of anti-GBM GN?

A

Lung injury - abs cross-react with alveolar BM

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14
Q

Which cells cause damage in Pauci-immune GN?

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

What is the pattern of Ig deposits in anti-GBM vs Pauci immune?

A

Linear vs scanty

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16
Q

What can the causes of thrombotic microangiopathies affecting the kidney be divided into?

A

Diarrhoea assoc
Non-diarrhoea assoc

e.g. MAHA/HUS

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17
Q

What proteinuria levels are seen in nephrOtic syndrome?

A

> 3.5g/day

18
Q

List the 6 main causes of nephrotic syndrome.

A

Systemic: DM, SLE, amyloidosis

Non-systemic:
MCD*
FSGS*
MGN - this one is immune complex mediated

*primary glomerular diseases

19
Q

Compare MCD and FSGS tx.

A

FSGS is less likely to respond to steroids than MCD.

20
Q

What is the most common cause of nephrOtic syndrome in adults?

A

MGN

21
Q

Where do immune complexes deposit in MGN?

A

Subepithelium (outside BM) - IgG and C3

22
Q

What is the Ab against in MGN?

A

PLA2R in primary disease
(phospholipase A2 M receptor)

Secondary disease may be due to malignancy/drugs/ infection/SLE

23
Q

What is the progression in disease in diabetic nephropathy?

A

Microalbuminaemia –> proteinuria –> nephrotic syndrome

24
Q

Which stage is Kimmelstiel-Wilson seen in diabetic glomerulosclerosis?

A

Stage III

25
Q

Which stage is thichening BM seen in diabetic glomerulosclerosis?

A

Stage I

26
Q

What are stages II and IV of diabetic glomerulosclerosis?

A

Stage I - thick BM
Stage II - more mesangial matrix
Stage III - nodular lesions
Stage IV - advanced glomerulosclerosis

27
Q

What is AA amyloid derived from?

A

SAA - serum amyloid associated protein

28
Q

Name 2 causes of microscopic haematuria.

A

Thin BM - hereditary defect in type IV collagen

IgA nephropathy

29
Q

What is the thickness of BM in thin BM disease?

A

<250nm

30
Q

What syndrome is linked to thin BM?

A

Alport’s - deafness, ocular disease, haematuria

31
Q

What is the defect in Alport’s?

A

X linked dominant - mutation in alpha5 subunit

32
Q

What is the most common form of glomerulonephritis? What is it associated with?

A

IgA nephropathy - associated with HSP

33
Q

Where is IgA deposited in IgA nephropathy?

A

Mesangial deposition

34
Q

What classification is used for IgA nephropathy?

A

Oxford (MEST-C)

35
Q

List the top 5 causes of CKD requiring RRT from 1-5.

A 
Diabetes
Glomerulonephritis 
PCKD
Pyelonephritis 
Hypertension
36
Q

What is the appearance of kidneys in hypertensive nephropathy?

A

Shrunken with granular cortices + nephrosclerosis, hyalinosis, intimal thickening and ischaemic changes

37
Q

Which classification is used for renal SLE?

A

ISN/RPS classification

38
Q

Which class of SLE nephropathy shows subendothelial vs subepithelial deposits?

A 
Subendothelial = Class 3
Subepithelial = Class 5
39
Q

Which class of SLE nephropathy shows diffuse >50% disease?

A

Class 4

40
Q

Which class of SLE nephropathy shows a mesangial vs membranous pattern ?

A 
Mesangial - class 1 and 2
Membranous - class 5
41
Q

List 4 renal SLE syndromes.

A

AKI
NephrOtic syndrome
CKD
Isolated urinary abnormality

Pathology Summaries (23 decks)

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