MICRO: Zoonoses and tropical diseases Flashcards
What does cyst + calcification on brain CT suggest?
Taenia solium cystocercosis
What 2 tapeworms can cause intestinal infection in humans?
T. solium
T. saginata
Can vegetarians get pork tapeworm?
Not if they don’t eat measly pork infected with it BUT they can get cysticercosis as this is spread from faeces of other humans where there are eggs
What sites for cysticercosis affect?
All - including heart and muscle
What is happening if you are getting symptoms with cysticercosis?
Cyst degeneration –> eosinophilic influx
Name 2 cestocidal drugs.
Albendazole
Praziquantel
What do RBCs look like in falciparum malaria?
Like there are “headphones” inside the cell - 2 parasites
20% parasitaemia, what is the treatment?
IV artesunate
Name 3 malaria prophylaxis tx.
Docycyline. malorone, mefloquine
What metabolic abnormality in malaria?
Metabolic acidosis
What does 1 schizont indicate?
Even 1 is severe disease - multiple parasites in 1 RBC
What % parasitaemia is used for tx in UK?
2%
Which stains for malaria?
Giemsa and Fields
How many thick and thin blood smears for malaria?
3
What is the tx for mild-mod falciparum malaria?
Riamet (artemether-lumefantrine) OR malarone
What is the tx for all non-falciparum malaria?
Chloroquine + primaquine (check G6PD)
What does ACT consist of?
Artemisin combination therapy:
Riamet - artemisin&lumefantrine
Quinine TDS
Doxycycline 1 week
What is a side effect of IV quinine vs artesunate?
Artesunate side effects: delayed haemolysis
Quinine side effects: cinchonism, arrhythmias, hyperinsulinaemia
SE Asia traveller, retro-orbital headache, arthralgia, conjunctival injection + thrombocytopenia, leukopenia + erythrodermic rash = ?
Dengue
Dengue vector?
Aedes mosquito, flavivirus (Aedes aegypti is usually urban)
What FBC findings mean high risk dengue?
High Hct, low platelets
What is the dengue prophylaxis?
DEET + long sleeves
in endemic areas: dengvaxia vaccine, mosquito control etc
What diagnostic is preferred for dengue?
PCR (abs can cross react with those for JE and YF)
Himalayan peaks fever = ?
Typhoid sphygmothermic dissociation
Complications of typhoids?
GI bleed/perforation
Encephalopathy
What is the treatment for typhoid?
Ceftriaxone empirical then azithromycin 7 days
Curved gram -ve rod in kittens?
Bartonella henselae
Two diseases caused by Bartonella?
Cat scratch fever (immunocompetent)-> self limiting Bacillary angiomatosis (immunocompromised) -> fatal
Name 2 main abx used for Bartonella.
Erythromycin, doxycycline (+ rifampicin in BA)
What dye is used for toxoplasma?
Sabin Feldman Dye test - blue if no anti-toxo antibodies
What is the tx of a mother with toxo?
Spiramycin 3 weeks - prevents vertical transmission
What is the tx of an infant with toxo?
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine for 1 YEAR
What localised infections can brucella cause?
Orchitis
Abscess e.g. psoas
Back pain
What medium is Brucella grown in?
Castaneda medium
What is the tx for Brucella?
Doxycycline + gentamycin/rifampicin for 6 weeks
What is a common source of Coxiella burnetti?
Goats
Does coxiella spread between people?
Usually not(?)
What causes rabies?
LYSSA virus
What causes rat bite fever?
Sterptobacillus monoliformis OR spirillum minus
Zoonotic infection causing polyarthralgia progressing to purpuric rash = ?
rat bite fever
What tx for rat bite fever?
Penicillin
Bayou virus?
Rice rat
Black canal virus?
Cotton rat
Sin Nombre virus?
Deer mouse and white-footed mouse
Name 2 bat viruses causing VHF.
Ebola and Marburg
Name a rat virus causing VHF.
Lassa virus
Name a tick virus causing VHF.
Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever
Most important first investigation in brucella?
Blood culture
