MICRO: Paediatric infections Flashcards
What FBC abnormality is common in TORCH?
Low platelets
What % in toxoplasmosis have symptoms at birth?
40% - short term seizures, calcifications on MRI
60%- long term deafness, IQ
What congenital heart defects are associated with rubella?
PDA, ASD/VSD
How is congenital chlamydia treated?
Erythromycin
Is GBS catalase positive or negative?
Negative
Is Listeria catalase positive or negative?
Positive
How do Listeria look on blood agar?
small, grey, translucent drop-like colonies surrounded by a small zone of indistinct beta hemolysis
What are 3 causes of early-onset sepsis?
GBS
E coli
Listeria
What abx are used for early-onset sepsis?
benpen + gentamicin +/- amoxicillin
i.e. GBS + E coli + listeria cover
What is the most common cause of late-onset sepsis?
CNS e.g. staph epidermidis
Then: GBS, E coli, Listeria, Enterococci etc
What abx are used for late onset sepsis? What about if community acquired?
Cefotaxime + vancomycin
Community: cefotaxime + amoxicillin +/- gentamicin
What is 2nd line for late onset sepsis?
Meropenem
What is the normal protein level in CSF vs in viral vs bacterial infections?
Normal: 0.18-0.45
Viral: <1
Bacterial: >1
NB: FUNGAL: 0.1-0.5
Is streptococcus pneumoniae beta haemolytic?
No, alpha haemolytic (green around colonies)
What is the most common cause of meningitis in:
a) 1-3mo
b) 3mo-3yo
c) 3-10yo
d) 10-19yo
a) GBS then gram -ve rods
b) S pneumo then N.meningitidis
c) S pneumo then N.meningitidis
d) N meningitidis
What is the most common cause of pneumonia in children?
S pneumo - penicillin/amoxicillin
What is a common cause of RTIs in older children and what is the treatment?
Mycoplasma pneumo - azithromycin(macrolide)
Outbreak every 3-4yrs
Headache, fever, myalgia, pharyngitis, DRY cough, haemolysis, neurological problems, ataxia, otitis media
Which pneumonia causes haemolysis in older children?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - IgM to I antigen on erythrocytes (cold agglutins)
