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Pathology Summaries > IMMUNO: Non-immunosuppressive > Flashcards

IMMUNO: Non-immunosuppressive Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 APCs.

A

DCs
Macrophages
B cells

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2
Q

What does T cell dependent/independent B cell proliferation result in?

A

Dependent –> IgA/G/E
Independent –> IgM

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3
Q

What cytokine is used to help expansion of CD8 T cells?

A

IL-2

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4
Q

What provides protection against influenza?

A

Antibodies against HA

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5
Q

What test is used to detect abs to influenza? What is a positive and negative test result?

A

Haemaglutinin inhibition assay (titres can also be measured from this)
Antibodies present = cells clump at bottom
No antibodies to HA = diffuse discolouration

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6
Q

What receptor does HA target on RBC?

A

Sialic acid

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7
Q

What size wheals constitutes a positive Mantoux in these cases:

1) healthcare worker (high-risk)
2) low risk person
3) immunocompromised (high risk)

A

1) >10mm
2) >15mm
3) >5mm

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8
Q

What does a conjugate vaccine consist of ? Why?

A

Polysaccharide and protein carrier
Polysaccharide –> T cell independent B cell response (transient)
Protein –> T cell dependent B cell response (long-term)

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9
Q

Give 3 examples of conjugate vaccines.

A

HiB
Meningitis
Pneumococcus

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10
Q

What do vaccine adjuvants mimic?

A

PAMPs = goal is not to alter specificity but to increase immune response

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11
Q

Which vaccines is alum used in?

A

Hep A, B and HiB

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12
Q

Give an example of a DC vaccine.

A

Sipuleucel-T Provenge - used for prostate cancer as a personalised immunotherapy. DCs are harvested, expanded and reinfused.

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13
Q

What does HNIG contain?

A

Pooled IgG from >100 donors

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14
Q

Give 3 examples of specific human IVIGs. Where are these derived from?

A

VZV
HBV
Rabies
Tetanus(not available in UK)

From donors with high titres.

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15
Q

What is a use of specific T cells as therapy?

A

PTLD
Persistent infection in immunocompromised

(T cells stimulated ex-vivo, expanded and reinfused)

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16
Q

Name 2 uses of CAR-T cell therapies.

A

ALL
NHL

17
Q

Name an mAb against CTLA-4. What is its use?

A

Ipilimumab = advanced melanoma

MOA: blocks immune checkpoint so T cells react against what is presented on APCs

18
Q

Name 2 mAbs against PD-1. What are their uses?

A

Pembrolizumab
Nivolumab
Uses = advanced melanoma and metastatic RCC

MOA: enables T cell activation to APCs (prevents PDL1 interaction)

19
Q

What is the main complication of anti-checkpoint inhibitor mAbs?

A

Autoimmunity

20
Q

What is IL-2 therapy used for?

A

Stimulate T cells in RCC

21
Q

What is IFN-alpha-2a therapy used for?

A

Immunomodulation in Behcet’s

22
Q

What is IFN-alpha therapy used for?

A

Antiviral in Hep B/C

23
Q

What is INFgamma therapy used for?

A

CGD to enhance macrophage function when neutrophils are not working

Pathology Summaries (23 decks)

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