radiology: abdomen

Question 1

intussusception

Answer 1

typical range 3 months to 3 years
pain, nausea and vomiting
rectal bleeding (red currant jelly)

Question 2

causes of intussusception

Answer 2

idiopathic
polyps
tumours (especially lymphoma)
ileal (meckel’s) diverticulum

Question 3

majority of intussusception cases in children are

Answer 3

leocolic

Question 4

intussusception diagnosis

Answer 4

US
abdominal radiograph
contrast study

Question 5

intussusception treatment

Answer 5

US guidance: fluid instillaton
fleuroscopy guidance: air instillation, fluid instillation

Question 6

appendiceal worms

Answer 6

enterobius vermicularis

Question 7

duplication cyst

Answer 7

rarely cause obstruction
developmental abnormality

Question 8

posterior urethral valve

Answer 8

congenital lesion
obstruction of psoteror urethra
variable degree of bladder abnormality, upper urinary tract obstruction, renal dysplasia, chronic kidney disease

Question 9

diagnosis of posterior urethral valve - antenatal diagnosis

Answer 9

• oligohydramnios
• dilated bladder
• dilated upper tracts

Question 10

nephrolithiasis

Answer 10

renal colic less common in children
more common presentations: urinary tract infection, haematuria
many children have predispositions: hyperoxaluria, cystinuria
recurrence rate is high

Question 11

biliary atresia

Answer 11

idiopathic cholangiopathy: cholestatic jaundice, progressive hepatic fibrosis
early diagnosis is crucial: kasai procedure, major indication for liver transplantation in childhood