Paediatric Cardiovascular Examination Flashcards
a patient on anticoagulants may have
commonly prescribed for children with artificial heart valves
xanthomata
raised yellow cholesterol rish deposits that are often noted on the palm, tendons of the wrist and elbow
are associated with hyperlipidaemia - typically familial hypercholesterolaemia
risk factor for cardiovascular disease
arachnodactyly
abnormally long fingers and toes associiated with marfans syndrome
absent thumbs
associated with Holt-Oram syndrome
absent thumbs
associated with Holt-Oram syndrome
splinter haemorrages
causes include local trauma, infective endocarditis, sepsis, vasculitis, and psoriatic nail disease
janeway lesions
non-tender, haemorrhagic lesions that occur on the thenar and hypothenar eminences of the palms (and soles). Janeway lesions are typically associated with infective endocarditis
osler’s nodes
red-purple, slightly raised, tender lumps, often with a pale centre, typically found on the fingers or toes
typically associated with infective endocarditis
normal capillary refill time
2 seconds
malar flush
plum red discolouration of the cheek associated with mitral stenosis
xanthalasmata
yellow, raised cholesterol rish deposits around the eyes assocaited with hypercholesterolaemia
kayser-fleischer rings
dark rings that encircle the iris associated with wilson’s disease
the disease involved abnormal copper processing by the liver, resulting in accumulation and deposition in various tissues (including the heart where it can cause cardiomyopathy
angular stomatitis
a common inflammatory condition affecting the corners of the mouth. it has a wide range of causes including iron deficiency
high arched palate
a feature of marfan syndrome with is associated with mitral/aortic valve prolapse and aortic dissection
degree of liver extension below costal margin
if greater than 2cm this indicates hepatomegaly
