infectious rashes in children - amboss

Question 1

fetal abnormalities associated with maternal rubella infection

Answer 1

encephalitis
hepatomegaly
bone defects
mental retardation
cataracts
thrombocytopenic purpura
cardiovascular defects
splenomegaly
microcaphaly

Question 2

measles appearance

Answer 2

erythematous, maculopapular
1-10mm spots
blanching
partially confluent

Question 3

course of measles

Answer 3

begins on the face, especially behind the ears
disseminates to the rest of the body
fades after 5 days with bornw discolouration and desquamation

Question 4

prodromal stage of measles

Answer 4

coryza, cough and conjunctivitis
koplik spots

Question 5

exanthem stage of measles

Answer 5

high fever, malaise
generalised lymphadenopathy

Question 6

scarlett fever appearance

Answer 6

fine, erythematous, maculopapular
blanching
pastia lines (linear petechiae in the groin, armpit and elbow creases)

Question 7

pathogen behind scarlett fever

Answer 7

strep pyogenes

Question 8

scarlett fever course

Answer 8

begins in the neck region
disseminates to the head, trunk and and extremities
brown discolouration and desquamation of the skin during the second to fourth week of infection

Question 9

other clinical features of scarlett fever

Answer 9

high fever with sudden onset
strawberry tongue
tonsillopharyngitis

Question 10

rubella appearance

Answer 10

fine, erythematous, maculopapular rash
2-3mm spots
blanching
nonconfluent medium sized spots

Question 11

rubella course

Answer 11

begins behind the ears
extends to the trunkand extremities
symptoms usually dissappear within 3 days

Question 12

rubella other clinical signs

Answer 12

good general condition, mild fever
suboccipital and post auricular lymphadenopathy
forchheimer sign

Question 13

other name for erythema infectiosum

Answer 13

fifth disease / slapped cheek

Question 14

pathogen behind erythema infectiosum

Answer 14

parvovirus B19

Question 15

erythema infectiosum appearance

Answer 15

maculopapular
initially confluent
lace like and reticular appearance over time
becomes more pronounced after exposure to sunlight or heat

Question 16

erythema infectiosum course

Answer 16

slapped cheek appearance: flushed cheeks with perioral pallor
can spread to extremities and trunk
fades after 5-8 days
may be recurrent for several months following the initial infection

Question 17

other clinical signs of erythema infectiosum

Answer 17

good general condition
arthritis

Question 18

reseola infantum (exanthem subitum) is caused by

Answer 18

human herpes virus 6

Question 19

roseola infantum appearance

Answer 19

erythematous maculopapular
2-5mm spots in size
patchy blanching

Question 20

roseola infantum course

Answer 20

develops as the fever subsides
originates on the trunk and may spread to the face and extremities
frequently observed from only several hours to a maximum of 3 days

Question 21

roseola infantum clinical signs

Answer 21

good general condition
initial sudden high fever for 3-5 days
three day fever
nagayama spots

Question 22

chickenpox appearance

Answer 22

vesicular rash on erythematous background
starry sky: simulatenous occurance of various stages of rash eg. vessicles, crusted papules

Question 23

chickenpox course

Answer 23

begins on trunk, scalp, face, and proximal limbs
involves hands, feet, and mucous membranes
severe pruritus
fades after 1 week

Question 24

chichenpox clinical signs

Answer 24

prodrome possible 1-2 days prior to exanthem onset
oropharyngeal and urogenital ulcers

Question 25

hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by

Answer 25

coxsackie A virus

Question 26

appearance of hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 26

tender macules, vesicular rash

Question 27

course of chickenpox

Answer 27

affects feet and hands
rarely generalised
fades after 4 days

Question 28

clinical signs of chickenpox

Answer 28

poor general condition
highly contagious
stomatitis and enanthem
fever

Question 29

eczema herpeticum

Answer 29

dermatological emergency
fever, lymphadenopathy, itchy painful blisters
admit with antvirals
secondary bacterial infection can also occur

Question 30

IgA vasculitis

Answer 30

HSP
immune mediated systemic vasculitis
classic triad: palpable purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis
rash typically covers buttocks and extensor surfaces of arms and legs

Question 31

when can children go back to school

Answer 31

once the last lesion has crusted over

Question 32

molluscum contagiousum

Answer 32

incubation period of 2-8 weeks
firm, smooth papules with a small depression in the centre (umbilicated)
papules are generally seen in moist areas like the armpit, groin or genital areas

Question 33

management of molluscum contagiousm

Answer 33

self limiting unless immunocompromised
requires no treatment, usually resolves by itself within 18 months
avoid squeezing lesions to limit spread of infection
mild topical steroid can limit itching

Question 34

hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 34

causes lesions on the hands, feet and mouth and sometimes buttocks and genitalia
children are usually under 5

Question 35

management of hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 35

hospital admission only if the fever is severe of if there is marked CNS involvement
self care and paracetamol and ibuprofen

Question 36

erythema infectiosum

Answer 36

slapped cheek
human parvovirus B19
low grade fever, malaise, sore throat, rhinitis and headache

Question 37

erythema infectiosum management

Answer 37

usually mild and self limiting
school or nursery should be avoidedd as pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals and those with hameatological disorders may develop serious complications