infectious rashes in children - amboss Flashcards
fetal abnormalities associated with maternal rubella infection
encephalitis
hepatomegaly
bone defects
mental retardation
cataracts
thrombocytopenic purpura
cardiovascular defects
splenomegaly
microcaphaly
measles appearance
erythematous, maculopapular
1-10mm spots
blanching
partially confluent
course of measles
begins on the face, especially behind the ears
disseminates to the rest of the body
fades after 5 days with bornw discolouration and desquamation
prodromal stage of measles
coryza, cough and conjunctivitis
koplik spots
exanthem stage of measles
high fever, malaise
generalised lymphadenopathy
scarlett fever appearance
fine, erythematous, maculopapular
blanching
pastia lines (linear petechiae in the groin, armpit and elbow creases)
pathogen behind scarlett fever
strep pyogenes
scarlett fever course
begins in the neck region
disseminates to the head, trunk and and extremities
brown discolouration and desquamation of the skin during the second to fourth week of infection
other clinical features of scarlett fever
high fever with sudden onset
strawberry tongue
tonsillopharyngitis
rubella appearance
fine, erythematous, maculopapular rash
2-3mm spots
blanching
nonconfluent medium sized spots
rubella course
begins behind the ears
extends to the trunkand extremities
symptoms usually dissappear within 3 days
rubella other clinical signs
good general condition, mild fever
suboccipital and post auricular lymphadenopathy
forchheimer sign
other name for erythema infectiosum
fifth disease / slapped cheek
pathogen behind erythema infectiosum
parvovirus B19
erythema infectiosum appearance
maculopapular
initially confluent
lace like and reticular appearance over time
becomes more pronounced after exposure to sunlight or heat
erythema infectiosum course
slapped cheek appearance: flushed cheeks with perioral pallor
can spread to extremities and trunk
fades after 5-8 days
may be recurrent for several months following the initial infection
other clinical signs of erythema infectiosum
good general condition
arthritis
reseola infantum (exanthem subitum) is caused by
human herpes virus 6
roseola infantum appearance
erythematous maculopapular
2-5mm spots in size
patchy blanching
roseola infantum course
develops as the fever subsides
originates on the trunk and may spread to the face and extremities
frequently observed from only several hours to a maximum of 3 days
roseola infantum clinical signs
good general condition
initial sudden high fever for 3-5 days
three day fever
nagayama spots
chickenpox appearance
vesicular rash on erythematous background
starry sky: simulatenous occurance of various stages of rash eg. vessicles, crusted papules
chickenpox course
begins on trunk, scalp, face, and proximal limbs
involves hands, feet, and mucous membranes
severe pruritus
fades after 1 week
chichenpox clinical signs
prodrome possible 1-2 days prior to exanthem onset
oropharyngeal and urogenital ulcers
hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by
coxsackie A virus
appearance of hand, foot and mouth disease
tender macules, vesicular rash
course of chickenpox
affects feet and hands
rarely generalised
fades after 4 days
clinical signs of chickenpox
poor general condition
highly contagious
stomatitis and enanthem
fever
eczema herpeticum
dermatological emergency
fever, lymphadenopathy, itchy painful blisters
admit with antvirals
secondary bacterial infection can also occur
IgA vasculitis
HSP
immune mediated systemic vasculitis
classic triad: palpable purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis
rash typically covers buttocks and extensor surfaces of arms and legs
when can children go back to school
once the last lesion has crusted over
molluscum contagiousum
incubation period of 2-8 weeks
firm, smooth papules with a small depression in the centre (umbilicated)
papules are generally seen in moist areas like the armpit, groin or genital areas
management of molluscum contagiousm
self limiting unless immunocompromised
requires no treatment, usually resolves by itself within 18 months
avoid squeezing lesions to limit spread of infection
mild topical steroid can limit itching
hand foot and mouth disease
causes lesions on the hands, feet and mouth and sometimes buttocks and genitalia
children are usually under 5
management of hand foot and mouth disease
hospital admission only if the fever is severe of if there is marked CNS involvement
self care and paracetamol and ibuprofen
erythema infectiosum
slapped cheek
human parvovirus B19
low grade fever, malaise, sore throat, rhinitis and headache
erythema infectiosum management
usually mild and self limiting
school or nursery should be avoidedd as pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals and those with hameatological disorders may develop serious complications
