radiology Flashcards
hustory and examination important for x ray
mechanism of injry, site of bone tenderness/defromity, patient age
why is one view of x ray not enough in trauma
fracturs can be invisble from one view and the alignment between bnes cant be fully assessed in one view
when are more than two views of an xray needed
cervical spine and scaphoid x rays
how many xrays for cervicle spine
3
how many x rays for scaphoid
2
appearance of fractures on x raus
lucency crossing bone, cortical extension, spiral/transverse, comminution, joint involvement, angulation, displacement impaction (denser), avulsion
what can mimic avulsion fractures
normal anatomy and old injuries
what are scsasamoid bone
small bones in the line of tendons and adjacent to joints - lubricate the passage of tendon over the joint - they are common in hands and feet
where are accessroy ossification centres found and what do they look like
near epiphyses in developing skeletons - look like small scsasamoid bones
where to assess bony alignment in the upper limb
acromioclavicuar joint, glenohumeral joint, elbow- radio capitellar, humerocapitellar and lateral wrist
what does a elbow effusion look like on xray
a displaced fat pad becomes visible posterior to the distal humerus
how to childrens bines tend to get damaged
bend or bow- buckle, greenstick
what to buckle fractures always involve
the metaphysis
greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture
what is a physis seen as on a xray
fine line between epiphysis and metaphysis
weakest part of the developing bone
physis
classificationof growth plate fractires
salter harris
what are examples of bony rings
spinal canal, pelvis, frearm and lower leg
why do we have bony rings
to help share the transmission of force and increase their forse
injury to bony ring
2 or more eruptions
what forgeign materials can be seen on xray
generally only metal and glass
how to spot a supracondylar fractire
assess humerocapitellar aligment
what does a bennetts fracture involve
acticular surface of the first metacarpal base
immobility through lower limb injury leads to
dehydration, starvation, PE pneumonia
how to look at overlaping bones
CT
what can show undisplaced fractures
MRI
typical sites of impacted fractures
femoral neck, tibial plateau, calacaenus
history of highenergy pelvic ring fractures
high energy events, young people, usually multiple
low energy pelvic ring fractures
osteoporosis, ct, undisplaced
when is a hip dislocation most likely to happen
when the hip is flexed
typical hip dislocation
posterior with an acetabular rim fracture
intrascaulr fractures effect
blood supply to femoral head and nead hemiarthroplasty
extracapsular fractures treated by
internal fixation
what is a. specific sign of a intra articular fracture
lipohaemarthrosis
meniscal tears shown by
MRI
tibia and fibula form a bony ring with
talus
what is the fabella
scsamoid bone
