radiology

Question 1

hustory and examination important for x ray

Answer 1

mechanism of injry, site of bone tenderness/defromity, patient age

Question 2

why is one view of x ray not enough in trauma

Answer 2

fracturs can be invisble from one view and the alignment between bnes cant be fully assessed in one view

Question 3

when are more than two views of an xray needed

Answer 3

cervical spine and scaphoid x rays

Question 4

how many xrays for cervicle spine

Answer 4

3

Question 5

how many x rays for scaphoid

Answer 5

2

Question 6

appearance of fractures on x raus

Answer 6

lucency crossing bone, cortical extension, spiral/transverse, comminution, joint involvement, angulation, displacement impaction (denser), avulsion

Question 7

what can mimic avulsion fractures

Answer 7

normal anatomy and old injuries

Question 8

what are scsasamoid bone

Answer 8

small bones in the line of tendons and adjacent to joints - lubricate the passage of tendon over the joint - they are common in hands and feet

Question 9

where are accessroy ossification centres found and what do they look like

Answer 9

near epiphyses in developing skeletons - look like small scsasamoid bones

Question 10

where to assess bony alignment in the upper limb

Answer 10

acromioclavicuar joint, glenohumeral joint, elbow- radio capitellar, humerocapitellar and lateral wrist

Question 11

what does a elbow effusion look like on xray

Answer 11

a displaced fat pad becomes visible posterior to the distal humerus

Question 12

how to childrens bines tend to get damaged

Answer 12

bend or bow- buckle, greenstick

Question 13

what to buckle fractures always involve

Answer 13

the metaphysis

Question 14

greenstick fracture

Answer 14

incomplete fracture

Question 15

what is a physis seen as on a xray

Answer 15

fine line between epiphysis and metaphysis

Question 16

weakest part of the developing bone

Answer 16

physis

Question 17

classificationof growth plate fractires

Answer 17

salter harris

Question 18

what are examples of bony rings

Answer 18

spinal canal, pelvis, frearm and lower leg

Question 19

why do we have bony rings

Answer 19

to help share the transmission of force and increase their forse

Question 20

injury to bony ring

Answer 20

2 or more eruptions

Question 21

what forgeign materials can be seen on xray

Answer 21

generally only metal and glass

Question 22

how to spot a supracondylar fractire

Answer 22

assess humerocapitellar aligment

Question 23

what does a bennetts fracture involve

Answer 23

acticular surface of the first metacarpal base

Question 24

immobility through lower limb injury leads to

Answer 24

dehydration, starvation, PE pneumonia

Question 25

how to look at overlaping bones

Answer 25

CT

Question 26

what can show undisplaced fractures

Answer 26

MRI

Question 27

typical sites of impacted fractures

Answer 27

femoral neck, tibial plateau, calacaenus

Question 28

history of highenergy pelvic ring fractures

Answer 28

high energy events, young people, usually multiple

Question 29

low energy pelvic ring fractures

Answer 29

osteoporosis, ct, undisplaced

Question 30

when is a hip dislocation most likely to happen

Answer 30

when the hip is flexed

Question 31

typical hip dislocation

Answer 31

posterior with an acetabular rim fracture

Question 32

intrascaulr fractures effect

Answer 32

blood supply to femoral head and nead hemiarthroplasty

Question 33

extracapsular fractures treated by

Answer 33

internal fixation

Question 34

what is a. specific sign of a intra articular fracture

Answer 34

lipohaemarthrosis

Question 35

meniscal tears shown by

Answer 35

MRI

Question 36

tibia and fibula form a bony ring with

Answer 36

talus

Question 37

what is the fabella

Answer 37

scsamoid bone