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MSK > bone tumours > Flashcards

bone tumours Flashcards

1
Q

osteosarcoma spread from

A

lung

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2
Q

chondrosarcoma spread from

A

prostate

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3
Q

ewings sarcoma spread from

A

kidneys and thyroid

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4
Q

multiple myeloma spread from

A

breast

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5
Q

risk factors for bone cancer

A

radiotherapy, pagets, fibrous dysplasia, multiple enchondromas, p53 RBI

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6
Q

presentation of bone cancer

A

usually not associated with movement, worse at night, swelling and erythema over joint, palpable mass, pathological fracture

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7
Q

diagnosis of bone cancer

A

radiographs, CT, MRI, bone scan

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8
Q

treatement of bone cancer

A

chemo, radiotherapy, hormone, surgery - both

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9
Q

what is the most common sarcoma of bone

A

osteosarcoma

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10
Q

who is osteosarcoma common in

A

children and young adults - 2nd peak in elderly

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11
Q

where does osteosarcoma present

A

usually distal femur or proximal tibia

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12
Q

what do 10-20% of osteosarcomas present with

A

pulmonary mets

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13
Q

treatmemt of osteosarcoma

A

chemotherapy and limb salvage

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14
Q

who does ewings sarcoma present in

A

people 5-25 years of age

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15
Q

where is ewings sarcoma usually found

A

diaphysis of long bones - again distal feur / pox tibia

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16
Q

treatments of ewings sarcoma

A

chemotherpy with limb salvage +/- adjuvant radiation

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17
Q

what is a chondrosarcoma

A

malignancy of chondrocytes

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18
Q

who presents with chondrosarcomas

A

40-75 year olds

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19
Q

where do chondrosarcomas tend to present

A

pelvis, proximal and distal femur

20
Q

what does a osteeoid osteoma look like on x ray

A

little o

21
Q

what is a osteoid osteoma

A

painful benign tumour of long bones

22
Q

who gets osteoid osteomas

A

5-25 year olds

23
Q

presentation of osteoid ostemoma

A

pain worse at night - releived by aspirin

24
Q

treatment of osteoid osteoma

A

resolves spontaneously - can treat with radiofrequency ablation

25
Q

what is the most common benign bone tumour

A

osteochondroma

26
Q

what is an osteochondroma

A

benign lesion formed from abnormal cartilage

27
Q

what can osteochondromas be

A

hereditary - multiple

28
Q

who gets osteochondromas

A

adolescents and young adults - can be caused by trauma

29
Q

what is a enchondroma

A

a benign intramedullary cartilage lesion

30
Q

who gets enchondromas

A

20-50 year olds

31
Q

presentation of enchondromas

A

incidental finding

32
Q

what is the treatment of enchondroma

A

conservative - curettage and bone grafting if asymptomatic

33
Q

when do bone tumours become visible on x rays

A

when >50% of cortex is destroyed

34
Q

1 year old with bone lesion

A

neuroblastoma

35
Q

1-10 year old with bone lesion

A

ewings sarcoma

36
Q

10-30 year olf with bone lesion

A

osteosarcoma or ewings

37
Q

30-40 year old with bone lesion

A

fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma

38
Q

40 + with bone lesion

A

metastatic carcinoma or multiple myelona

39
Q

red flags for bone tumours

A

pain - increasing, persistant, worse at night, not traumatic

40
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of joint and tendon sheath lining

41
Q

enthesitis

A

inflammation at sites where ligaments and tendons attach to bone

42
Q

seronegative arthritides

A

ankylosing sponylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reiters syndrome

43
Q

distinctive ditribution of psoriatic arthritis

A

small joint sof hands and feet - DIP joints, IP joint great toe

44
Q

ankylosing sponylitis distinctive distribution

A

scattered large lower limb joints

45
Q

reiters syndrome distinctive distribution

A

scattered large lower limb joints and lower limb entheses

MSK (19 decks)

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