bone tumours Flashcards
osteosarcoma spread from
lung
chondrosarcoma spread from
prostate
ewings sarcoma spread from
kidneys and thyroid
multiple myeloma spread from
breast
risk factors for bone cancer
radiotherapy, pagets, fibrous dysplasia, multiple enchondromas, p53 RBI
presentation of bone cancer
usually not associated with movement, worse at night, swelling and erythema over joint, palpable mass, pathological fracture
diagnosis of bone cancer
radiographs, CT, MRI, bone scan
treatement of bone cancer
chemo, radiotherapy, hormone, surgery - both
what is the most common sarcoma of bone
osteosarcoma
who is osteosarcoma common in
children and young adults - 2nd peak in elderly
where does osteosarcoma present
usually distal femur or proximal tibia
what do 10-20% of osteosarcomas present with
pulmonary mets
treatmemt of osteosarcoma
chemotherapy and limb salvage
who does ewings sarcoma present in
people 5-25 years of age
where is ewings sarcoma usually found
diaphysis of long bones - again distal feur / pox tibia
treatments of ewings sarcoma
chemotherpy with limb salvage +/- adjuvant radiation
what is a chondrosarcoma
malignancy of chondrocytes
who presents with chondrosarcomas
40-75 year olds
where do chondrosarcomas tend to present
pelvis, proximal and distal femur
what does a osteeoid osteoma look like on x ray
little o
what is a osteoid osteoma
painful benign tumour of long bones
who gets osteoid osteomas
5-25 year olds
presentation of osteoid ostemoma
pain worse at night - releived by aspirin
treatment of osteoid osteoma
resolves spontaneously - can treat with radiofrequency ablation
what is the most common benign bone tumour
osteochondroma
what is an osteochondroma
benign lesion formed from abnormal cartilage
what can osteochondromas be
hereditary - multiple
who gets osteochondromas
adolescents and young adults - can be caused by trauma
what is a enchondroma
a benign intramedullary cartilage lesion
who gets enchondromas
20-50 year olds
presentation of enchondromas
incidental finding
what is the treatment of enchondroma
conservative - curettage and bone grafting if asymptomatic
when do bone tumours become visible on x rays
when >50% of cortex is destroyed
1 year old with bone lesion
neuroblastoma
1-10 year old with bone lesion
ewings sarcoma
10-30 year olf with bone lesion
osteosarcoma or ewings
30-40 year old with bone lesion
fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma
40 + with bone lesion
metastatic carcinoma or multiple myelona
red flags for bone tumours
pain - increasing, persistant, worse at night, not traumatic
synovitis
inflammation of joint and tendon sheath lining
enthesitis
inflammation at sites where ligaments and tendons attach to bone
seronegative arthritides
ankylosing sponylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reiters syndrome
distinctive ditribution of psoriatic arthritis
small joint sof hands and feet - DIP joints, IP joint great toe
ankylosing sponylitis distinctive distribution
scattered large lower limb joints
reiters syndrome distinctive distribution
scattered large lower limb joints and lower limb entheses
