microbiology Flashcards
treat staph aureus with what
flucloxacillin
treat staph epidermis with what
vancomycin
treat strep pyogenes with what
doxycycline
treat gram negatives with what
clindamycine
treat anaerobes with what
metronidazole
how to diagnose osteomyelitis
bone biopsy and imaging
how to treat osteomyelitis
debridement or antimicrobials
investigations of osteomyelitis
culture, blood tests (CRP, plasma viscosity), imaging
when should antibiotics be given in osteomyelitis
after culture unless of sepsis or soft tissue infection
signs of inflammation in osteomyelitis
red, hot swollen, pain, loss of function
how can osteomyelitis occur
due to ipen fractures and diabetes
who does haematogenous spread happen in
pre pubertal children, PWID, elderly
where does haematogenous spread happen
in long bones or vertebrae
unusual sites for haematogenous spread
osteitis pubis, clasvicle osteomyelitis
causative organism in people with sickle cell osteomyelitis
staph aureus, salmonella
who gets vertebral osteomyelitis
PWID, trauma
what is verebral osteomyleitis
infection of the spine
symptoms of vertebral osteomyelitis
back pain and tenderness, fever, raised inflammatory markers, neurological signs
when should you give antibiotics in vertebral osteomyelitis
ALWAYS AFTER BIOPSY
management of vertebral osteomyelitis
drainage of big abscess, antibiotics for >6 weeks
what is the most likely causative organism of vertebral osteomyelitis
MSSA
who gets skeletal tuberculosis
people who are born or travel to at risk areas, associated with HIV/immunocomprised
presentation of skeletal tiberculosis
malaise, night sweats, weight loss, back pain, non adjoining segments, abscesses, neurologic deficits, kyphosis
investigations of skeletal tuberculosis
CXR, MRI,HIV testing
risk factors for a prostehtic joint infection
active infection, RA, diabetes, obesity, immunosuppressed, inoculaton occurs at time of surgery
common pathogens in proethetic joint infections
staph A, coag - staph epidermis for a chronic infection
define an acute prosthetic joint infection
within 3-6 weeks confined to joint space
define a chronic prosthetic joint infection
over 6 weeks - biodilm often created
what are biofilms
aggregations of bacteria on metal
what type of bacteria move about and cause systemic infection
planktonic
what type of bacteria stay still and grow slowly which is perfect for biofilms
sessile
investigations of prosthetic joint infections
culture, coagulase
what is a coagulase negative prosthetic joint infection
staph epidermis
what is the management of a staph epidermis prosthetic joint infection
vancomycin
how to manage prostehtic joint infections
remove prostehtic and cement and re implant after aggressive antibiotic therapy
what is septic arthritis
inflammaton of a joint space caused by infection
presentation of septic arthritis
fever, monoarthtritis sins of inflammation at joint, pain on movement, pain red hot swollen joint
septic arthritis in adults and PWID is usually caused by
staph A
septic arthritis is caused by what in children
haemophilus influenza
septic arthrtis in young people and people with STIs is caused by
neisseria gonorrhoaea
septic arthritis in the eldrly and PWID is causedby
E.coli
what can septic arthritis be due to
infection spread through the blood, extension of local infection, direct inoculation
investigations of septic arthritis
urgent joint aspiration for microscopy, culture and sensitivity, blood culture if pyrexic and exclude gout (exclude crystals)
managment of spetic arthritis
surgical wahsout + IV antibiotics
what is pyomyositis
infection of skeletal muscle with abscess formation
what is myositis
inflammation of muscle due to virus, fungal parasite
what does myositis lead to
myonecrosis
what is tetanus caused by
clostridium tetani
what is clostridium tetani
a GM+ strict anaerobe
what does tetanus lead to
spastic paralysis and locked jaw
what is the management of tetanus
surgical debridement, antitoxin, reduce spasm triggers and vaccine prevention
is tetanus an infection
no it is a toxin
