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Year 3 Exams > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Chest radiograph summary

A
  • Introduction
    • patient identification
    • date of radiograph
    • old radiographs
  • Comment on quality of film
    • Rotation
    • Inspiration
    • Projection
    • Exposure
  • ABCDE
  • Review areas and silhouette signs
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2
Q

rotation on X-ray

A

central trachea and equal distance between medial end of clavicle and midline

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3
Q

projection on CXR

A
  • Usually PA not AP (heart may look magnified)
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4
Q

Exposure

A

can you see vertebrae behind heart

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5
Q

ABCDE approach to CXRAY

A

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Diaphragm

Everything else

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5
Q

ABCDE approach to CXRAY

A

Airway

breathing

circulation

diaphragm

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6
Q

Airway

A

tracheal central?

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7
Q

breathing

A
  • Lung fields (opacification)
    • Upper
    • Middle
    • Lower
    • Costophrenic angles
    • Compare left lung to right lung
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8
Q

circulation

A
  • Aortic knuckles
  • L and right hilar region
  • Heart size
    • Cardiothoracic ratio
    • Cardio phrenic angle
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9
Q

Diaphragm

A

compare both sides

  • Tented?
  • Flattened?
    • Pneumoperitoneum?
      • Gas in stomach normal
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10
Q

Everything else for CXRAY

A

bones

soft tissue

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11
Q

review areas for CXRAY

A
  • Apices
    • Mass
    • Pneumothorax
  • Hilar
    • Unilateral- cancer
    • Bilateral- sarcoidosis
  • Heart
    • Look through the heart to the lungs
  • Lung hidden by diaphragm
    • Look through the heart
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12
Q

silhouette signs

A

if you lose a key silhouette sign the atelectasis or consolidation is in a specific place

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13
Q

lost left hemidiaphragm

A

atelectasis or consolidation in the left lower lung (LLL)

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14
Q

lost right hemidiaphragm

A

atelectasis or consolidation in the RLL

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15
Q

lost right heart border

A

atelectasis or consolidation in the rright middle lobe

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16
Q

lost left heart border

A

atelectasis or consolidation in the lingula

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17
Q

lost upper border of the horizontal fissure

A

right upper longer

18
Q

diagnose

A

C - lung metastases

  • ‘Canon ball mets’
  • Older patients
  • Primary sites: bowel, renal cell, pancreatic and breast cancer
19
Q

diagnose

A

C- right pneumothorax

20
Q

diagnosed

A

B- bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

e.g. sarcoidosis

21
Q

diagnosed

A

C- right upper lobe collapse

  • Atelectasis- mediastinum pulled towards collapse
22
Q

diagnose

A

D- left lung

23
Q

diagnose

A

B- pneumoperitoneum

24
Q

diagnose

A

C- right pleural effusion

25
Q

Abdominal radiograph summary

A
  • Introduction
    • patient and identification
    • date of radiograph
    • previous radiograph
  • Comment on quality of film
    • Supine or erect (AP)
      • erect may distinguish an air fluid level
    • Exposure- diaphragm → pubic symphysis in frame
    • Penetration- soft tissue differences
  • BBC
    • bowel gas pattern
    • bones
    • calcified artefacts
  • Review areas
    • lung bases
26
Q

general approach

A
  • follow the bowel up from the rectum looking for air
  • liver on right and spleen on left
  • split abdomen into 4
  • look for the course of the ureters
27
Q

BBC

A
  • Bowel gas pattern
  • Bones
  • Calcified artefacts
    • E.g. renal calculi/phleboliths
28
Q

large bowel vs small bowel

A
29
Q

diagnose

A

B- Small bowel obstruction

  • Plica circularis
  • Central
30
Q

diagnose

A
  • C- sigmoid volvulus
    • Coffee bean sign
31
Q

diagnose

A
  • E- Perforation
    • Rigler sign – when bowel wall becomes very defined
32
Q

Musculoskeletal approach

A
  • Introduction
    • Patient identification
    • date of radiograph
    • Body part (side)
    • Are there x2 views (lateral and AP)
    • comparison to previous imaging
  • ABCS
    • alignment
    • bone texture
    • cortices
    • soft tissue
      *
33
Q

A- MSK xray

A
  • Alignment of bones and joint spaces- dislocation
34
Q

B- MSK XRAY

A

bone texture

e.g. osteoporosis

35
Q

C-MSK XRAY

A

Cortices

  • any breaks int he cortex - trace finger around looking for ‘step’
36
Q

S- MSK XRAY

A

soft tissue- joint effusion or soft tissue swelling

37
Q

RA XRAY

A
38
Q

example of disruption of normal bone texture/trabeculae

A
39
Q

example of disruption of the cortex

A
40
Q

pelvic x-ray joint space/aligment

A
41
Q

example of cortex on pelvic x-ray

A

remember: SHENTONS LINE$

42
Q

diagnose

A

Year 3 Exams (25 decks)

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