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Anatomy Exam 1 > Radiography (General) > Flashcards

Radiography (General) Flashcards

1
Q

Computed Tomography (4)

A
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Better resolution, eliminates superimposition structures, but more radiation than RG
  • Orientation is patient laying on back, I’m looking at the bottom of their feet, and they’re cut off at the waist (or wherever you’re looking)
  • Window settings allow you to focus on a particular type of structure (ex. soft tissue vs bone)
  • Iodine and Barium are contract media for entric (both) or intravenous (iodine only)
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2
Q

Centrally vs Laterally Herniated Disc

A

Central - pushes on nerve below disc (L4)

Lateral - pushes on nerve above disc (L5)

Ex. disc between L4/L5 is herniating

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3
Q

Anteroposterior (AP) vs Posteroanterior (PA)

A

AP - stomach to back, facing source

PA - back to stomach, facing detector

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4
Q

Spondylolysis vs Spondylolisthesis

A

Spondylolysis - fracture of pars interarticularis

Spondylolisthesis - forward displacement of a vertebra

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5
Q

Myelography

A
  • Regular or CT
  • Iodine injected into thecal sac via lumbar puncture
  • Nerves are outlined by contrast
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6
Q

T2

A
  • MRI
  • Bright (static) fluid
  • Higlights pathgology
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7
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scale

A

Fat Bone

Hyperintense -> Isointense -> Hypointense

White ———————————————-> Black

High Signal Intensity —-> Low Signal Intensity

  • SI is relaticve to its surroundings
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8
Q

Radiography (5)

A
  • X-ray photons
  • Affected by atomic number and thickness
  • Iodine and Barium are contrast agents (show up white)
  • Intravascular only uses Iodine
  • Orientation is looking patient in eyes
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9
Q

Computed Tomography Scale

A

Metal -> Bone -> Contrast -> Soft Tissue -> Fluid -> Fat -> Gas

White ———————————————————————> Black

High Attenuation ————————————> Low Attenuation

  • Relative to surroundings
  • More detalied bone and better ST that RG
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10
Q

Invertered Display from Myelogram

A
  • Dark bones
  • White fat
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11
Q

T1

A
  • MRI
  • Dark fluid
  • Higlights anatomy
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12
Q

Fat Saturation

A
  • MRI
  • Makes fat dark
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13
Q

Nerve Root Exits

A
  • Just below Pedicales of respected vetrebra
  • Except for cervical nerves (exit superior to vertebra)
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14
Q

Ultrasound Gray Sound Image Scale

A

Echogenic/Hyperechoic -> Hypoechoic -> Echolucent/Anaechoic

Bone/Gas (sound won’t pass at all) ——> Soft Tissue ——–> Liquid

White ————————————————————————–> Black

Lots of echos ———————————————–> No echos

  • Produced by amplitude of returning sound waves
  • Relative to surroundings (isoechoic if same as surrpundings)
  • Frequency changes if target is moving
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15
Q

Vascular contrast

A
  • MRI
  • Used with T1
  • Makes vessels & organs bright
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16
Q

Radiodensity Scale

A

Metal -> Calcium -> Water/Soft Tissue -> Fat -> Gas

White ——————————————————> Black

No Penetration -> Partial Penetration -> Complete Penetration

Radiopaque/Radiodense —————–> Radiolucent

High Attenuation ———————-> Low Attenuation

  • Relative to surroundings
17
Q

Modailty

A

RG - white bone, black fat/gas, 3Dish

CT - white bone, black fat/gas, 2D slice

US - grainy

T2 - bright static fluid, bright fat

T1 - dark fluid, bright fat

18
Q

Degenerated Disc

A
  • Height loss
  • Decreased water cotent in disc
19
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2)

A
  • Magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves
  • Gadolinium contrast agent makes T1 tissues bringht
  • Orientation is patient laying on back, I’m looking at the bottom of their feet, and they’re cut off at the waist (or wherever you’re looking)
  • Best for identifiying nerves and bone marrow
20
Q

Ultrasound (3)

A
  • Sound waves
  • Doppler effect (moving objects reflect a different frequency)
  • Orientation can be transverse (looking at bottom of patient’s feet & they’re laying on back) or sagittal/longitudinal (looking at patient’s right side & laying on back)
21
Q

Cortical Bone vs Cancellous Bone

A

Cortical - Dense (no fat), high attenuation on CT, and low signal intensity on MRI

Cabcellous - fat (bone marrow), low att. on CT, and high SI on MRI

Anatomy Exam 1 (18 decks)

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