Anatomy (Vertebral Column)

Question 1

Answer 1

Axis (C2)

Question 2

1⁰ vs 2⁰ Curvatures

Answer 2

Primary - ) born with it & called kyphosis

Secondary - ( develops after birth & called lordosis

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Weight Bearing Function of Discs

Answer 4

• Central nucleus pulposus can be compresses out and provides cushion

Question 5

Vertebral Colmun Functions (4)

Answer 5

1. Protect spinla cord and nerves
2. Supports the weight of the body
3. Provides a partially rigid and flexible axis for the body
4. Important role in posture and locomotion

Question 6

Unstable Spinal Fracture (4)

Answer 6

• “Serious”
• Really hard to carry/distribute weight
• Can progress and cause further neurological damage
• Can cause spinal deformity

Question 7

Other Names for Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 7

• Instead of “longitudinal” it’s called atlantoaxial between C1-C2 and atlantooccipital between C1 and occipital bone

Question 8

Intervertebral Disc

Answer 8

• Cartilaginous Joint
• Seperates vertebral bodies
• Key to stability

Question 9

Action of Paradox

Answer 9

• Epaxial muscles allow trunk flexion by gradual relaxation during flexion of anterior muscles
• Bicep relaxes slowly to allow arm to extend down
• Lets gravity do most of the work

Question 10

Answer 10

Atlas (C1)

Question 11

Zygapophyseal (facet) Joint

Answer 11

• Synovial joint
• Between superior and inferior articulating processes
• Allow some movement

Question 12

Movement of Vertebral Column

Answer 12

• The small amount of movemntn around each disc is amplified by summation so that large amount of flexibility extends entire vertebral column

Question 13

Other Names for Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 13

• Renamed “tectorial ligament” at & above C2

Question 14

Nucleus Pulosus

Answer 14

• Gel-like/watery substance that cusions movement
• Center of intervertebral discs
• Discs can compress by letting this out after being upright for a while

Question 15

Stable Spinal Fracture (4)

Answer 15

• “Minor”
• No neurological problems
• Can still support weight, but not perfectly
• Vertbral column is still protecting nervous system

Question 16

Disc Lesion/Herniation

Answer 16

Lateral Herniation - can press on spinal nerve or spinal nerve root

Central Herniation - can press on spinal cord or cauda equina but sorta protected by posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 17

Answer 17

Lumbar

Question 18

Answer 18

Cervical

Question 19

Answer 19

Sacrum

Question 20

Bony Landmarks for SA

Answer 20

• C7 spinous processes (vertebra prominens) is bump inferior to back of neck
• Spinous processes inferior to C7
• L4 spinous process (spinal tap goes directly superior or inferior of this)
• Iliac crest is lateral to L4

Question 21

Answer 21

Thoracic

Question 22

Anulus Fibrosis

Answer 22

• Series of concentirc lamellae of connective tissue
• Rings on outter portions of intervertebral discs
• More anterior than posterior, so ruptured discs tend to be posterior