Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Exam 1 > Embryology/Development > Flashcards

Embryology/Development Flashcards

1
Q

Timeframe for zygote to get into uterus and implant?

A
  • 5 days to get into uterus and begin impantation
  • 11 days to fully inplant into endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Zygote (2)

A
  • Egg that’s been fetrilized
  • Fertilization occurs in uterine tube’s ampulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Morula (3)

A
  • Blastomeres at 16 cell stage
  • Inner cell mass (embryoblast) that forms embryo and components of fetal membranes
  • Outter cell mass (trophoblast) contribute to fetal membranes and placenta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Zona Pellucida Functions (5)

A
  1. Barrier that prevents multiple fertilizations
  2. Filter to allow uterine secretions to reach embryo
  3. Immunological barrier between mother and embyro
  4. Prevents blastomeres from dissociating
  5. Prevents premature implantation (before embryo reaches uterine wall)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lacuna (2)

A
  • Blood filled spaces in embryotic pole of syncytiotrophoblast
  • Form primative uteroplacenta circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Connecting Stalk (3)

A
  • Portion of extraembryonic mesoderm that connects embryo to chorion (becomes fetal portion of placenta)
  • Fills space left over from chorionic cavity formation
  • Eventaully become umbilical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Buccopharyngeal and Cloacal Membranes

A
  • Buccopharyngeal becomes mouth
  • Cloacal becomes anus
  • 2 layers so they’ll rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gastrulation (3)

A
  • Bilayer becomes 3 germ layers (enod, meso, & ectoderm) once epiblast cells invaginate in the midline
  • Primitive streak and primitive pit/primitive node form
  • Week 3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endoderm Cells

A
  • Develop into: lining of digestive, respiratory, urogenital systems, and pharyngeal pouches of head and neck region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mesoderm Cells

A
  • Develops into: skeletal, smooth, & cardiac muscle, most cartilage & bone, dermis of skin, and portion of kidneys & gonads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ectoderm Cells

A
  • Develop into: nervous system and epidermis of skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Notochord (3)

A
  • Specialized rod of mesoderm cells that migrated rostrally from primitive node/pit
  • Forms basis of vertebral column and ends up in nucleus pulposis of discs
  • Signals formation of: neural plate, groove, & fold, CNS from endoderm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 vs 3 layered membranes

A
  • 2 layered membranes rupture
  • 3 layered membranes don’t rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cells Migrating from Primitive Streak

A
  • Rostral cells of primitive streak form more midline structures (axial muscles & skeleton, and notochord
  • Caudal cells form more lateral structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prechordal Plate

A
  • “Head organizer” that forms parts of head and brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neurulation (3)

A
  • Formation of primitive nervous system
  • Facilitated by notochord secreting inducing factors
  • Ectoderm proliferates and thickens into neural plate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neural Crest Cells Derivatives (9)

A

Derive into:

  1. spinal, autonomic, and cranial nerve ganglia
  2. Schwann cells
  3. Medulla of adrenal gland
  4. Meninges
  5. Pigment cells of skin
  6. Glial cells
  7. C cells of thyroid
  8. Conotruncal regions of heart
  9. Connective tissue, some bones, and dermis of back & head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior & Posterior Neuropores

A
  • Anterior closes day 25 and causes Exencephaly if done incorrectly
  • Posterior closes day 27 and causes Spina Bifidia (on a spectrum) if done incorrectly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Paraxial Mesoderm (3)

A
  • Most axial
  • Form longitudinal columns on each side of notochord/neural tube
  • Differentiate into 44 pairs of somites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Intermediate Mesoderm (2)

A
  • Not extensively developed
  • Differentiates into parts of urogenital and reproductive systems
21
Q

Lateral Plate Mesoderm

A
  • Most lateral portion of mesoderm
  • Somatic (parietal) portion is in contact with ectoderm
  • Splanchnic (visceral) portion is in contact with endoderm
22
Q

Somatic (parietal) Mesoderm Contributions (2)

A
  • Contributes to:
    1. Serosa of body cavities & long bones (appendicular skeleton)
    2. Connective tissue of the body wall
23
Q

Splanchnic (visceral) Mesoderm Contributions (3)

A
  • Contributes to:
    1. Smooth muscle of gastrointestinal system
    2. Serosa lining on superficial surface of organs
    3. Covers yolk sac after it replaces extraembryonic mesoderm
24
Q

Foregut (1) & Contributions (5)

A
  • Most rostral
  • Contributes:
    1. Lower respiratory system
    2. Pharynx
    3. Esophagus
    4. Stomach
    5. Parts of duodenum
25
Q

Midgut (1)

A
  • Becomes remainder of small intestine and much of large intestine
26
Q

Hindgut (1) & Contributions (3)

A
  • Most caudal
  • Contributes:
    1. Rectum
    2. Anal canal
    3. Parts of urogenital system
27
Q

Transverse Folding (4)

A
  • Yolk sac pinched off
  • Lateral plate mesoderm splits
  • Intraembryonic coelom is formed
  • 3 guts formed
28
Q

Longitudinal Folding (4)

A
  • Future heart is formed
  • Future diaphragm is formed
  • Both get forced more caudually
  • Caused by rapid nervous system growth
29
Q

Primary Chorionic Villi of Placenta (2)

A
  • Formed by pegs of cytoblast cells protruding into syncytiotrophoblast
  • Intervillous spaces in syncytiotrophoblast fill with maternal blood
30
Q

Secondary Chorionic Villi of Placenta (3)

A
  • Transformed from primary chorionic villi when extraembryonic mesoderm invades core of cytotrophoblast
  • Embryonic vessels from from mesodermal cells within cytotrophoblast’s pegs of tissue
  • BV’s developed in connecting stalk become umbilical vessels
31
Q

Tertiary/Stem Chorionic Villi of Placenta (3)

A
  • Villi with capilary networks
  • Capillaries make vascular connections with embryonic heart after week 3
  • Cytotrphoblast cells penetrate synctiotrophoblast and come in contact with the maternal endometrium to anchor the placenta
32
Q

Specialized Mesoderm Regions

A
  • Paraxial
  • Intermediate
  • Lateral
33
Q

Paraxial Region Gives Rise To?

A
  • Axial skeleton
  • Skeletal muscles
  • Some dermis of skin
34
Q

Lateral Plate Mesoderm Gives Rise To?

A
  • Pectoral girldle
  • Pelvis girldle
  • Sternum
  • Long bones of limbs
35
Q

Somites (4)

A
  • From paraxial mesoderm
  • 44 pairs formed
  • Occipital somites form occipital bone
  • Most caudal occipital somite contributes to C1 vertebrae
36
Q

Somite Regions & What They Contribute To

A

Sclerotome - axial skeleton

Myotome - skeletal muscles

Dermatome - sermis of skin in back

37
Q

Resegmentaion of Somites (3)

A
  • Splits into rostral and caudal parts around spinal nerves
  • Rostral part fuses with Caudal part below it
  • C1 nerve is superior to C1 vertebra because the caudal part fuses to occipital bone
38
Q

Rib Development (2)

A
  • From costal processes of somites that develop thoracic vertebrae
  • Elongate in week 5
39
Q

Sternum Development (3)

A
  • Lateral plate somatic mesoderm differentiates to mesenchyme (connective tissue)
  • Mesenchyme migrates anteriorly and condenses into sternal bars
  • Sternal barts fuse cranial to cuadal (like a zipper)
40
Q

Hypomere (3)

A
  • Muscles of body wall and limbs
  • Formed from ventrally migrating myotome mass
  • Innervated by ventral primary rami of spinal nerves
41
Q

Epimere (3)

A
  • True back muscles
  • Fromed from dorsally migrating myotome
  • Innervated by doral primary rami of spinal nerves
42
Q

Dorsal Muscle Mass of Limbs (3)

A
  • From hypomere split
  • Extensors, supinators, abductors
  • Innervated by dorsal branches of the ventral primary rami (posterior divisions of brachial plexus)
43
Q

Ventral Muscle Mass of Limbs (3)

A
  • From hypomere split
  • Flexors, pronators, adductors
  • Innervated by ventral branches of ventral primary rami (anterior division of brachial plexus)
44
Q

Limb Rotation During Development

A
  • Upper limbs rotate laterally
  • Lower limbs rotate medially
45
Q

Meromelia

A
  • absence of part of the limb
46
Q

Polydactyly

A
  • Extra digit
47
Q

Amelia

A
  • Absence of one or more limbs
48
Q

Syndactyly

A
  • Fusing of digits
  • Simple is cutaneous fusing

Complex is bone or cartilaginous union

Anatomy Exam 1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions