RADIOGRAPHIC EFFECTS HIGH YIELD

Question 1

what percent of x-rays make up the exposure we get in our lives?

Answer 1

10 percent

Question 2

what are the results of irradiation?

Answer 2

main chain scission
cross linking
point lesions

Question 3

name the stability in the radiolysis of water

formation of free radicals

Answer 3

very unstable

Question 4

name the stability in the radiolysis of water

formation of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 4

toxic

Question 5

principle action of radiation is direct or indirect?

Answer 5

indirect, damage is result of byproducts from the radiolysis of water

Question 6

radiosensitivity is based on what factors?

Answer 6

oxygen level
age and gender
recovery
chemical agents

Question 7

biologic tissue is more sensitive under what conditions?

Answer 7

aerobic conditions

Question 8

who is more radiosensitive, like gender and age?

Answer 8

males

birth

Question 9

which stem cells have the highest radiosensitive?

Answer 9

blood, lymph, sperm, eggs

Question 10

which stem cells have the lowest radiosensitive?

Answer 10

muscle, brain, nerves, bone

Question 11

what are the two examples of chemical agents?

Answer 11

radioprotectors

radiosensitizers

Question 12

what are the three types of radiologic effects?

Answer 12

non stochastic effect
stochastic effect
acute deterministic effect

Question 13

this effect is deterministic and results from cell death or organ atrophy and characterized by a threshold device?

Answer 13

non stochastic effect

Question 14

this effect is nondeterministic and dose only affects probability of effect occurring

Answer 14

stochastic effect

Question 15

this affect has local tissue damage, hematologic depression, cryogenic damage

Answer 15

acute deterministic effect

Question 16

acute radiation has a lethal dose of what rads?

Answer 16

300-400 rads

Question 17

what organs are affected by acute radiation?

Answer 17

skin
testes
ovaries
blood
genetics

Question 18

what are the four stages of lethality for acute radiation?

Answer 18

prodrome
latent
manifest syndrome
recovery/death

Question 19

what are the stages of acute radiation poisoing of the skin?

Answer 19

erthema
epilation and moist desquamation
denudation and ulceration

Question 20

genetic damage of testes?

Answer 20

<10 rads

Question 21

for ovaries, what are the effects of rads at:

10,200,500?

Answer 21

10 rads- suppression of menstruation
200 rads- temporary sterility
500 rads- permanent sterility

Question 22

what of the blood cells are most radiosensitive?

Answer 22

lymphocytes

Question 23

name this chromosomal aberration?

linear, non threshold dose
causes chromatid deletion and replication during the S-phase

Answer 23

single hit chromosomal aberrations

Question 24

name this chromosomal aberration?

nonlinear and non threshold dose
causes rings on same chromosome, dicentrics or reciprocal translocations from adjacent chromosomal hits

Answer 24

mulithit chromosomal aberrations