RADIOGRAPHIC EFFECTS HIGH YIELD Flashcards
what percent of x-rays make up the exposure we get in our lives?
10 percent
what are the results of irradiation?
main chain scission
cross linking
point lesions
name the stability in the radiolysis of water
formation of free radicals
very unstable
name the stability in the radiolysis of water
formation of hydrogen peroxide
toxic
principle action of radiation is direct or indirect?
indirect, damage is result of byproducts from the radiolysis of water
radiosensitivity is based on what factors?
oxygen level
age and gender
recovery
chemical agents
biologic tissue is more sensitive under what conditions?
aerobic conditions
who is more radiosensitive, like gender and age?
males
birth
which stem cells have the highest radiosensitive?
blood, lymph, sperm, eggs
which stem cells have the lowest radiosensitive?
muscle, brain, nerves, bone
what are the two examples of chemical agents?
radioprotectors
radiosensitizers
what are the three types of radiologic effects?
non stochastic effect
stochastic effect
acute deterministic effect
this effect is deterministic and results from cell death or organ atrophy and characterized by a threshold device?
non stochastic effect
this effect is nondeterministic and dose only affects probability of effect occurring
stochastic effect
this affect has local tissue damage, hematologic depression, cryogenic damage
acute deterministic effect
acute radiation has a lethal dose of what rads?
300-400 rads
what organs are affected by acute radiation?
skin testes ovaries blood genetics
what are the four stages of lethality for acute radiation?
prodrome
latent
manifest syndrome
recovery/death
what are the stages of acute radiation poisoing of the skin?
erthema
epilation and moist desquamation
denudation and ulceration
genetic damage of testes?
<10 rads
for ovaries, what are the effects of rads at:
10,200,500?
10 rads- suppression of menstruation
200 rads- temporary sterility
500 rads- permanent sterility
what of the blood cells are most radiosensitive?
lymphocytes
name this chromosomal aberration?
linear, non threshold dose
causes chromatid deletion and replication during the S-phase
single hit chromosomal aberrations
name this chromosomal aberration?
nonlinear and non threshold dose
causes rings on same chromosome, dicentrics or reciprocal translocations from adjacent chromosomal hits
mulithit chromosomal aberrations
