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KSUCPM IMAGING > FINAL TQ PART II > Flashcards

FINAL TQ PART II Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three basic x-ray components?

A

generator

X-ray tube

control panel

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2
Q

what are the two types of electricity?

A

static

current

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3
Q

name this type of electricity and unit?

electric charge at rest

A

static

unit: coulombs

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4
Q

name this type of electricity and unit?

moving electric charges

A

current

unit: amperes

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5
Q

what law is the electric current based on?

A

ohm’s law

V=IR

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6
Q

what are the two electric currents?

A

direct and alternating current

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7
Q

name this defn?

flow of electrons in one direction only

A

direct current, flows in one direction only

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8
Q

name this defn?

electron flow in alternating opposite directions

A

alternating current, found in wall plugs

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9
Q

why are pulsating X-ray tubes not permitted?

A

not safe
poor images
hard on tube

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10
Q

this X-ray component supplies electric power to the X-ray tube

A

x-ray generator

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11
Q

is this a step-up or step-down transformer?

filament heating, what is the voltage?

what does electron acceleration require?

A

step down

10 V

40-150 kVp

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12
Q

the x-ray generator produces what kind of current? how?

A

smooth, high voltage direct current out of low voltage AC current

transform
rectify
smooth

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13
Q

changing magnetic field produces? electric field?

A

transient electric field

transient magnetic field

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14
Q

what is this principle?

current flow thru one coil can cause mutual inductance in a 2nd coil wrapped around the same iron core or rod

A

basis of transformer form induced EMFs

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15
Q

T/F, the step down voltage in the 2nd coil will be less than the primary circuit?

A

T

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16
Q

for transformers, current flow in one direction means what for voltage?

A

positive

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17
Q

for transformers, flow in the opposite direction means what for the voltage?

A

negative

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18
Q

law one for transformers?

law two?

A

Np/Ns=Vp/Vs

VpIp=VsIs

N=turns
V=voltage
I=current

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19
Q

T/F, a transformer can not create energy?

A

T

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20
Q

the purpose of the rectification is too?

A

smooth the waves out

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21
Q

what are the principle disadvantages of full wave rectification?

A

tube pulsates and anode receives dif amounts of energy

intensity of x-ray beam

quality of beam varies over each half cycle

22
Q

what does increased pt dose via soft radiation mean?

A

its bad for patient

23
Q

for best image, what type of rectification do we need?

A

filtered rectified, full wave

24
Q

name this part of the x-ray machine?

store charge quickly and release charge quickly

A

capacitor

25
Q

what types of rectified waves do pods use?

A

half wave

26
Q

name this defn?

this is the variation in the voltage across the X-ray tube expressed as a percentage of its maximum value

A

ripple factor

27
Q

half wave, unfiltered is what percent?

half wave, filtered?

full wave, unfiltered?

full wave, filtered?

what do hospitals use?

A

100%

20%

100%

9% (looks best)

hospitals

28
Q

how does the X-ray tube work?

A

evacuated glass envelope and CRT

cathode to anode

window

added filtration

beam limiting device

29
Q

what is important in x-ray generation?

the e’s conducted away/complete circuit have what units?

A

high KE e’s interact with target atoms to produce photons in x-ray wavelength

mA

30
Q

what is the x-ray beam comprised of?

A

polyenergetic photons made of different energies directed at the window and filter

31
Q

faster moving electrons produce what kind of wavelengths?

A

higher, shorter wavelengths

32
Q

so this concept is found on the cathodes and the idea is that electrons boil off of cil and form negatively charged electron clouds?

what is this idea called

A

thermionic emission

33
Q

T/F, cathodes have high resistance to heat?

A

T

34
Q

filament circuit has what kind of current?

tube current?

A

amp

mA

35
Q

in the filament circuit what is the voltage, current, power?

high resistance in filament causes temp to rise to how much?

A

10 V

4 amps

40 watts

> 2200 deg C., requires step down coils, thermionic emission of the electrons

36
Q

electrons emitted from the filament form negative cloud called a?

A

space charge

37
Q

for the space charge effect, less than what kVp is insufficient for the electrons to be pulled away from the filament keeping the charge in effect?

A

<40 kVp

38
Q

target bombarded by the electrons is called?

the area/shape of the beam projected onto the patient and image receptor? what does angling do?

A

focal spot

effective focal spot
effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot

39
Q

what are the two types of anodes?

A

rotating

stationary

40
Q

so in the anode design, name this principle?
anode angled to decrease focal spot size

smaller focal spot=?
shallow angles=?

A

line-focus principle

sharper images
sharper images

41
Q

x-rays produced within the anode are attenuated as they pass out of the anode?

A

anode heel effect, more pronounced with steep anode angles with higher intensity on the cathode

42
Q

the purpose of filtration does what to the waves?

A

filters out long wavelengths and lower energy radiation hardening the beam

43
Q

required minimum total filtration for tube potential 50 to 70? under 50? above 70?

*what is true total after mirror added with tube potential between 50-70?

A
  1. 5
  2. 5
  3. 5
    * 2.5
44
Q

inherent filtration can consist of?

A

glass envelope

insulating oil

window

45
Q

name the compensating filters?

A

wedge
trough
step-wedge filter

46
Q

name this type of radiation?

electrons do not collide with tungsten anode atoms or their components

each deflection results in a braking effect yields a photon of radiation

A

bremsstrahlung radiation

47
Q

the KE lost by electrons thru the braking effect is converted to _____?

A

photons of equivalent energy

48
Q

spikes on the curve are called?

also this happens when electrons bombarding the target are able to knock out inner orbital electrons

A

characteristic radiation

49
Q

binding shell energies for the following tungsten shells?

K shell

L shell

M shell

A

70 keV

11 keV

2 keV

50
Q

the work required to remove the electron from an atom?

A

binding energy

51
Q

name this type of radiation?

positive charged tungsten anode atom returns to its normal energy state by emitting radiation in the x-ray wavelength

A

characteristic radiation

KSUCPM IMAGING (42 decks)

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