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Dosimetry > Radiation Detectors > Flashcards

Radiation Detectors Flashcards

1
Q

standard free air ionization chamber is ? measuring device

A

Roentgen measuring device

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2
Q

thimble ion chamber & stem capacitor made up of ?

A

air cavity w/Al rod in center

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3
Q

condenser chamber brand

A

victoreen R

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4
Q

stem effect occurs when

A
  • ioniz occurs @ the stem rather than pt of measurement

- innacurate

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5
Q

baldwin farmer chamber kind

A

thimble ion chamber

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6
Q

extrapolation chamber measures

A

surface dose

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7
Q

pancake chamber what kind

A

parallel plate

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8
Q

pocket ioniz chamber used for ? periods

A

used for short periods

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9
Q

cutie pie size

A

portable

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10
Q

proportional counters more sensitive than

A

ion chamber

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11
Q

geiger mueller used to measure

A

sealed/unsealed low gamma rays & unsealed beta

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12
Q

ion recombination region ? voltage

A

low voltage

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13
Q

ion chamber region/ionization saturation point voltage

A

300V

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14
Q

in proportional counter region neg ions get enough E to cause

A

more add’l e- to be liberated

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15
Q

if add voltage in Geiger counter region

A

no effect

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16
Q

kerma stands for

A

kinetic E released in matter

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17
Q

f-med or f-factor relates dose in air to

A

dose in tissue

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18
Q

f-med depends on (3)

A
  • E of photon beam
  • material/medium (type of absorber)
  • mass E absorption of the coef of absorber
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19
Q

bragg-cavity theory used to determine

A

absorbed dose from ioniz chamber reading

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20
Q

bragg cavity smaller than range of

A

e-

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21
Q

chemical dosimetry uses

A

fricke or ferrous sulfate=ferrous sulfate, sodium chloride, sulfuric acid

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22
Q

TLD is solid ?

A

state

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23
Q

OSL stands for

A

optical stimulating luminescence

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24
Q

calorimetry measures in form of

A

heat based on temp chg

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25
Q

silicon dosimetry type

A

n-type & p-type

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26
Q

dose equivalent units

A
  • SI unit= Sv

- traditional= rem

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27
Q

film badges price

A

cheap, inexpensive

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28
Q

Ngas

A

cavity-gas calibration factor introduced by the TG21 protocol for dose determination

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29
Q

degree of blackening is related to

A

optical density

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30
Q

possible leakage from package surface rate exceeds

A

6600 dpm

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31
Q

scintillation counter most sensitive for detection of

A

gamma ray

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32
Q

air kerma measured by

A

R, expressed in Gy

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33
Q

calibrate chambers temp/pressure

A
  • 22degC

- 760 mm Hg

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34
Q

ionization type survey meter reads amount of ? in room

A

scatter

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35
Q

finger badge given if receive greater than ? annual effective dose equivalent limit

A

10%

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36
Q

penetrometer designed by

A

Benoist

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37
Q

chromoradiometer designed by

A

Holzknecht

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38
Q

methods of dose determiniation (3)

A
  • ion chamber
  • tld
  • film
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39
Q

film made of

A

transparent base coated w/emulsion w/silver bromide crystals

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40
Q

dose rates w/o phantom measured with

A

buildup cap of a thickness equal to depth of dmax

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41
Q

dose rate in tissue measured where

A

cax @ ssd @ dmax

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42
Q

standard free air ionization chamber measures in ?

A

air

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43
Q

standard free air ionization chamber only for ? instruments

A

secondary

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44
Q

standard free air ionization chamber used where?

A

not used in department

45
Q

standard free air ionization chamber made up of

A

lead box with 2 parallel plates

46
Q

thimble ion chamber & stem capacitor for ? Z

A

low

47
Q

thimble ion chamber & stem capacitor composed up

A

thin wall (plexiglass, plastic)

48
Q

thimble ion chamber & stem capacitor uses buildup cap for?

A

high E & TAR

49
Q

thimble ion chamber & stem capacitor does not use build up cap for?

A

low E, TMR/TPR

50
Q

condenser chamber kind

A

thimble ion chamber

51
Q

condenser chamber connected to ?

A

condenser

52
Q

condenser chamber used with ? E

A

low

53
Q

condenser chamber shows ? effect

A

stem

54
Q

baldwin farmer chamber connected to

A

electrometer for instant readout

55
Q

baldwin farmer chamber used with ? E

A

high

56
Q

baldwin farmer chamber reduces stem effect ? %

A

< 1%

57
Q

pancake chamber has ? spaced 2 mm apart

A

electrodes

58
Q

pancake chamber measures what depth

A

superficial

59
Q

pancake chamber useful in circumstances where ?

A

cylindrical chambers cannot be used

60
Q

pocket ioniz chamber needs to be

A

zeroed out

61
Q

pocket ioniz chamber can give false reading because of

A

leakage

62
Q

pocket ioniz chamber requires how freq attn?

A

daily & recordings

63
Q

pocket ioniz chamber is how sensitive

A

most sensitive personnel measuring device

64
Q

proportional counters discriminate b/n

A

alpha & beta

65
Q

proportional counters used to measure in

A

radioactive spills

66
Q

geiger mueller filled with

A

gas

67
Q

geiger mueller detects

A

lost sources

68
Q

geiger mueller used to survey

A

room, personnel, instruments, implants

69
Q

geiger mueller disadvantage

A

can have dead time

70
Q

ion chamber region/ionization saturation point is region

A

where ionization chamber should fxn

71
Q

in proportional counter region causes

A

over read

72
Q

cutie pie use for surveying

A

area for exposure, testing console

73
Q

kerma is E per unit mass transferred from

A

photon to charged particles

74
Q

f-med or f-factor is what conversion

A

R to rad

75
Q

f-med or f-factor relates E released in matter to

A

E absorbed in matter

76
Q

f-med or f-factor for water is

A

0.971

77
Q

f-med or f-factor only for what kind of E beam

A

monoenergetic

78
Q

f-med or f-factor not defined beyone ? MeV

A

3

79
Q

f-med or f-factor ? must exist

A

equilibrium

80
Q

bragg-cavity theory filled with

A

gas

81
Q

bragg-cavity theory measured using

A

water phantom

82
Q

bragg-cavity theory phantom made of

A

polysterene, plexiglass, parafin, solid water

83
Q

bragg-cavity absorbing material greater than

A

range of e- equilibrium

84
Q

bragg-cavity absorbing material must be

A

homogenous

85
Q

bragg-cavity beam must be

A

homogenous

86
Q

TLD made of

A

LiF

87
Q

TLD measured how

A

heated & emitted light measured

88
Q

TLD dose related to

A

light given off

89
Q

TLD can be used how many times?

A

reusable

90
Q

size of TLD

A

small

91
Q

TLD is equivalent to

A

tissue

92
Q

OSL measures what kind of radiation

A

x-ray, gamma, beta

93
Q

OSL similar to

A

TLD

94
Q

OSL uses

A

laser lights

95
Q

OSL made of

A

aluminum oxide

96
Q

OSL cost

A

less expensive

97
Q

OSL can be used how many times

A

reusable

98
Q

OSL how long for reading

A

instant

99
Q

silicon dosimetry sensitivity

A

more sensitive than gas

100
Q

silicon dosimetry- how long for reading

A

instantly

101
Q

film badges how long reading lasts

A

permanent recording

102
Q

film badges accurate within

A

10 mrem

103
Q

film badges filters

A

detect different E levels

104
Q

film badges provide info concerning

A

beam quality

105
Q

penetrometer measures

A

quality of x-rays; kVp

106
Q

Ngas depends on ? of walls

A

composition

107
Q

Ngas depends on ? of chamber

A

volume

108
Q

film darkening is related to

A

absorbed dose

Dosimetry (53 decks)

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