RAAS

Question 1

The capacity of the kidney to completely return BP to normal via augmented urine volume and sodium excretion

Answer 1

Pressure natriuresis

Question 2

High BP that is attributed to an unknown cause

Answer 2

Essential Hypertension

Question 3

High BP that is attributed to a definable causes

Answer 3

Secondary Hypertension

Question 4

an inflammatory mediator; a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate, and therefore causes blood pressure to fall

Answer 4

Bradykinin

Question 5

part of the arterial circulation that is responsible for organ perfusion

Answer 5

Effective Arterial Blood Volume

Question 6

If Effective Arterial Blood Volume falls, the kidneys…

Answer 6

retains Na and H2O

Question 7

Factors that can reduce Effective Arterial Blood Volume

Answer 7

Dec. Volume (Hemorrhage, Dehydration)
Inc. Vascular Capacitance (Cirrhosis, Sepsis)
Reduced CO (CHF)

Question 8

Proteolytic enzyme made by kidney; converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1; produced in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 8

Renin

Question 9

Site of renin production; modified smooth muscle cells located in the media of kidney afferent arterioles

Answer 9

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 10

What stimulates renin release

Answer 10

Dec. effective circulating volume

Question 11

octapeptide derived from cleavage of the C-terminal peptide on Angiotensin I by ACE; stimulates arteriolar vasoconstriction and aldosterone release

Answer 11

Angiotensin II

Question 12

Enzyme found on endothelial cells; catalyzes A1 to A2; converts bradykinin to inactive metabolites; inhibitors are important in treating HTN and HF

Answer 12

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Question 13

What does ACE do (2 roles)

Answer 13

Converts Angiotensin I to II

Breaks bradykinin into inactive metabolites

Question 14

aldosterone cause the retention of…

Answer 14

Na and H2O

Question 15

RAAS

Answer 15

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Question 16

Rate Limiting Step in RAAS

Answer 16

Renin cleaving Angiotensinogen

Question 17

Most individuals with primary HTN have increased ________

Answer 17

Renin

Question 18

Those with (low/high) renin hypertension have a good response to diuretics and calcium channel blockers

Answer 18

Low

Question 19

Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Artery Stenosis cause (decreased/increased) renin, stimulating increased aldosterone

Answer 19

Increased (due to low effective arterial blood volume?)

Question 20

Why does primary aldosteronism not result in increased renin?

Answer 20

Otherwise known as Conn’s Syndrome, you already have plenty of Aldosterone being produced, so no renin needed

Question 21

Why does CHF result in RAAS stimulation?

Answer 21

Decreased CO and peripheral vascular resistance cause dec. EABV

Question 22

RAAS activation contributes to the pathogenesis of what two medical conditions

Answer 22

HTN

HF