Non-Atherosclerotic PVD

Question 1

Layers of normal blood vessel (from outside in)

Answer 1

Tunica adventitia (CT)
Tunica media (SM)
Tunica intima (endothelium)

Question 2

Non-inflammatory vascular disease; dilated tortuous superficial veins (saphenous); older females, standing and obesity are risk factors; venous wall weakness, inc. pressure and bad valves; can lead to aching and skin ulcers

Answer 2

Varicose veins

Question 3

pathogenesis of varicose veins

Answer 3

weakened venous walls
inc. pressure
bad valves

Question 4

superficial vein that drains the lower limb; located on the medial thigh; can be used for CABG

Answer 4

saphenous vein

Question 5

Non-inflammatory vascular disease; arterial vasospasm in extremities (can be nose/ears); can be caused by cold or intense emotions; more common in men; pale–>blue–>red extremities; cold, paresthesia, pain

Answer 5

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Question 6

etiologies for raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 6

cold/emotions

Question 7

Raynaud’s phenomenon can be part of what disease

Answer 7

connective tissue disease (SLE, scleroderma, etc.)

Question 8

Treatment for raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 8

Ca++ channel blockers
a blockers
vasodilators

Question 9

skin sensation (burning, prickling, itching, tingling) with no apparent physical cause

Answer 9

paresthesia

Question 10

plural form of the term vasculitis

Answer 10

vasculitides

Question 11

Common pathogenesis of inflammatory vascular diseases

Answer 11

Inflammation of the vessel causing stenosis (narrow lumen)–> can lead to thrombosis, ischemia and infarct

Question 12

decreased/inadequate blood supply

Answer 12

ischemia

Question 13

necrosis secondary to decreased blood supply

Answer 13

infarct

Question 14

inflammatory vascular disease; elderly females; granulomas in med/large arteries; branches of carotid/temporal arteries; unilateral throbbing temporal headaches; self limiting (1-5 years)

Answer 14

Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

Question 15

Other name for temporal arteritis

Answer 15

giant cell arteritis

Question 16

“giant cell” refers to what?

Answer 16

fused macrophages in temporal arteritis

Question 17

50% of temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis) also have…

Answer 17

polymyalgia rheumatica (inflamed muscles)

Question 18

Diagnosis of temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

Answer 18

Inc. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Inc. C reactive protein
Biopsy
Imaging

Question 19

Treatment for temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

Answer 19

corticosteroids (inflammation)

Question 20

inflammatory vascular disease; more common in middle age males; type 3 immune response (preformed antigen-antibody complexes); fibrinoid necrosis followed by thrombosis/infarct; affects med/small arteries (except lung)

Answer 20

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

Question 21

Constitutional symptoms in polyarteritis nodosa are mostly caused by…

Answer 21

inflammatory cytokines (nonspecific, diffuse symptoms)

Question 22

In polyarteritis nodosa, the antigen is ________________ 30% of the time

Answer 22

Hep B

Question 23

In polyarteritis nodosa, med/small arteries are effected everywhere except the ________

Answer 23

lung

Question 24

Treatment for polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 24

corticosteroids

Question 25

amorphous pink material in a necrotic vessel wall; composed of plasma proteins (fibrin); seen in polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 25

fibrinoid necrosis

Question 26

inflammatory vascular disease; children; possibly due to infection (activation of immune system); small/med arteries (coronary); lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, cherry red tongue/lips, mucosal lesions, aneurysms; self limiting

Answer 26

Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)

Question 27

Another name for kawasaki disease

Answer 27

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome

Question 28

Which inflammatory vascular disease(s) can involve aneurysms

Answer 28

Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) (70%)
Takayasu Arteritis (Aortic Arch syndrome)

Question 29

Which inflammatory vascular disease(s) are self-limiting?

Answer 29

Temporal Arteritis

Kawasaki Disease

Question 30

dilated area of a vessel; can be seen in kawasaki disease and takayasu’s disease

Answer 30

aneurysm

Question 31

Treatment for kawasaki disease

Answer 31

IV immunoglobulins

Aspirin

Question 32

Inflammatory vascular disease; females <40yo; granulomatous inflammation in med/large arteries (aorta/branches/retina); stenosis in main arteries can cause dec. pulses

Answer 32

Takayasu Arteritis (Aortic Arch syndrome; Pulseless disease)

Question 33

Other names for Takayasu arteritis

Answer 33

Aortic Arch syndrome

Pulseless disease

Question 34

Treatment for Takayasu Arteritis (Aortic Arch syndrome)

Answer 34

Corticosteroids

Question 35

inflammatory vascular disease; <40yo; associated with smoking; small/med arteries in DISTAL limbs; intermittent claudication, possible ulcers/gangrene

Answer 35

Buergers Disease (Thomboangiitis obliterans)

Question 36

Other name for Buergers Disease

Answer 36

Thomboangiitis obliterans

Question 37

“obliterans” meaning

Answer 37

near/full occlusion of lumen

Question 38

pain in an area caused by decreased blood flow

Answer 38

claudication

Question 39

Treatment for Buergers Disease (Thomboangiitis obliterans)

Answer 39

Stop smoking

Question 40

cardiovascular neoplasm; benign; more in females; proliferation of endothelium creating more vascular channels; occur on skin, mucous membranes and internal organs; confused for birthmarks

Answer 40

Hemangioma

Question 41

cardiovascular neoplasm; malignant; HHV8 and AIDS; unregulated growth of infected endothelial cells; occur on skin, mucous membranes; red-purple-brown lesions; spindle cells (malignant endothelial cells)

Answer 41

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 42

flat lesion

Answer 42

macule

Question 43

raised lesion

Answer 43

nodule

Question 44

most common cardiovascular neoplasm; benign; from primitive CT; typically in atria (more-so left); pedunculated; composed of ECM and tumor cells; symptoms from obstruction of blood flow

Answer 44

Cardiac myxoma

Question 45

most common primary cardiovascular neoplasm

Answer 45

Cardiac Myxoma

Question 46

an elongated stalk of tissue

Answer 46

pedunculated