PVD 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Localized abnormal dilatations of blood vessels due to vessel weakness; may occur in cardiac chamber; defined as at least a 50% increase in diameter of a vessel

A

Aneurysm

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2
Q

Aneurysm that is bounded by complete but dilated vessel wall components is considered a (true/false) aneurysm; atherosclerotic, syphilitic, congenital

A

True

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3
Q

Aneurysm that involves an extravascular hematoma that communicates with the intravascular space is considered a (true/false) aneurysm; pulsating hematoma

A

False

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4
Q

A fusiform aneurysm is shaped like a…

A

oval parallel to the long axis

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5
Q

A saccular aneurysm is shaped like a…

A

bubble-like outpouching

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6
Q

A dissecting aneurysm is

A

blood passing through a tear in the intima into the tunica media (separates the vessel wall layers)

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7
Q

An aneurysm associated with syphilis is usually located in the.

A

ascending aorta

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8
Q

An aneurysm associated with cystic media degeneration is usually located in the

A

ascending/thoracic aorta

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9
Q

An aneurysm associated with atherosclerosis is usually located in the

A
abdominal aorta
muscular arteries (coronary, popliteal)
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10
Q

Difference between Atherosclerosis and Aneurysm (in regards to inflammation)

A

Atherosclerosis: inflammation on intima
Aneurysm: inflammation on adventitia

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11
Q

AAA is always associated with severe

A

atherosclerosis and mural thrombosis

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12
Q

Aneurysm caused by bacterial infection

A

mycotic aneurysm

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13
Q

Type of AAA with dense periaortic (around aorta) fibrosis and inflammation caused by lymphocytes, macrophages, etc.

A

Inflammatory aneurysms

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14
Q

Autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with fibrillin-1 defect; fragmented elastic fibers in aortic media and valves; high incidence of valve regurgitation, vessel dissection and rupture; tall, slender, thin extremities, long fingers, kyphosis

A

Marfan syndrome

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15
Q

Congenital syndrome with type III procollagen defect; arteries are as fragile as tissue paper

A

Type IV Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

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16
Q

Atherosclerotic plaques commonly occur at…

A

bifurcations (like carotid artery)

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17
Q

Blood passing from the aortic lumen through a tear in the intima into the tunica medica then propagates in a FALSE LUMEN

A

Aortic dissection

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18
Q

Two groups predisposed to aortic dissection

A
  1. Men, 40-60 years old, History of HTN

2. Connective Tissue Disorders (Marfan syndrome)

19
Q

Most frequent preexisting lesion in those with aortic dissection is

A

cystic medial degeneration

*CMD (cystic spaces within tunica media with loss of SMC and elastin, instead filled with ECM); common in Marfan syndrome

20
Q

What is the major risk factor of Aortic Dissection?

A

HTN

21
Q

Aortic dissection in ascending (proximal) aorta is categorized as (type A or B)

A

Type A

22
Q

Aortic dissection in descending (distal) aorta is categorized as (type A or B)

A

Type B

23
Q

Which type of aortic dissection is more common and dangerous thus needs early, urgent surgical management? (Type A or B)

A

Type A (can affect coronary arteries and valves)

24
Q

Arterial thrombosis are most commonly occurs on_____ while venous thrombosis are most commonly due to

A

atheromas/plaque; stasis (stoppage of blood flow)

25
Q

Virchow’s Triad for predisposition to thrombosis

A
  1. Changes in blood components
  2. Endothelial dysfunction
  3. Changes in blood flow (stasis)
26
Q

Common sites for arterial thrombosis

A
  1. Large/medium muscular arteries (aorta, carotid, coronary)

2. Intracardiac

27
Q

defined as the passage through the arterial or venous circulation of any material capable of lodging in a vessel and obstructing the lumen (air, amniotic fluid, thrombus)

A

Embolism

28
Q

Venous thrombosis are typically located in

A

Deep veins (legs, pelvic)

29
Q

Symptoms of DVT

A
  1. Frequently asymptomatic
  2. Calf tenderness (associated Homan sign)
  3. Congestion, edema, cyanosis
30
Q

Source of arterial emboli are usually

A

cardiac mural thrombus

31
Q

Most frequent thromboemboli

A

PE

32
Q

Most common source of PE

A

DVT

33
Q

Massive PE is associated with acute failure in

A

right heart

34
Q

arterial thrombosis is rich in what?

A

platelets

  • treat arterial thrombosis with anti-platelet
35
Q

venous thrombosis is rich in what?

A

fibrin

  • treat venous thrombosis with anticoagulant
36
Q

Aortic dissection may reenter aortic lumen forming

A

double barreled aorta

37
Q

The main cause of death for aortic dissection is

A

extravascular rupture

38
Q

What is a characteristic of thrombi that appear more when formed in arteries than veins?

A

Lines of Zahn

39
Q

Dark bands in lines of zahn indicate

A

RBCs

40
Q

Light bands in lines of zahn indicate

A

fibrin and platelets

41
Q

When coagulation occur on the injured site, it is called

A

thrombus

42
Q

When thrombus gets dislodge somewhere else, it is called

A

embolus

43
Q

AAA has ____morphologic dilatation

A

fusiform