R's

Question 1

radiograph

Answer 1

The image produced by passing x-rays through an object onto a radiosensitive detector. Other names: radiogram, Roentgenogram

Question 2

radiographic density

Answer 2

Refers to the blackness of a radiograph. Increased radiographic density = increased blackness.

Contrast tissue density; increased tissue density results in more opaque (whiter) structure on a radiograph.

Question 3

radiography

Answer 3

The science and art of making radiographs. Other names: Roentgenography.

Question 4

radiologist

Answer 4

A specialist trained in the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of x-rays, radionuclides, radiation physics, and radiation biology. Other names: Roentgenologist.

Question 5

radiolucent

Answer 5

Classically, a term used to describe a material that blocks very few x-rays and appears blacker on a radiograph. This is a subjective term and is not used in this book. It is more accurate to describe the relative opacity of a structure. For example; a soft tissue opacity cystic calculus (commonlydescribed as radiolucent) is soft tissue opacity on anegative contrast cystogram, gas opacity on a positive contrastcystogram, and not visible on survey radiographs. Rather than radiolucent, the terms decreased opacity or less opacity/less opaque are preferred.

Question 6

recumbent (recumbency)

Answer 6

Lying down, horizontal in position; used to describe the position of an animal during radiography (e.g., lateral, sternal, or dorsal recumbency) with the x-ray beam perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Dorsal recumbency = lying on back.

Question 7

reflux

Answer 7

(Reversed) flow of gastric content into esophagus due to incomplete closure of the gastroesophageal sphincter. Also, flow of esophageal content into mouth.

Question 8

relative opacity

Answer 8

Refers to the differences in x-ray absorption by various materials. Every material absorbs x-rays in a characteristic manner, depending on the physical composition of that material. It is the variation in x-ray absorption that allows various materials to be differentiated on radiographs. Relative opacity of a material is described as it compares to (1) one of the five basic opacities (gas, fat, fluid, mineral, or metal), (2) the opacity of adjacent structures (i.e., relatively increased or decreased in opacity), or (3) the opacity of a known normal structure. Overall opacity of a material is also affected by its thickness.

Question 9

retained cartilaginous core

Answer 9

A temporary or permanent presence of hypertrophied cartilage in the distal portion of a long bone (most commonly in the distal ulna).

Question 10

reticular pattern

Answer 10

Refers to a fine interlacing pattern of lines; usually used to describe appearance of an interstitial pulmonary pattern.

Question 11

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 11

A severe, progressive, and destructive polyarthritis caused by circulating autoantibodies against IgG.

Question 12

rhinography

Answer 12

A radiographic contrast study of the nasal cavity.

Question 13

rickets

Answer 13

Vitamin D deficiency in young animals resulting in softening and weakening of bones.

Question 14

RIS (radiology information system)

Answer 14

Used to coordinate, manipulate, distribute, and store diagnostic imaging data.

Question 15

Roentgen

Answer 15

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a German physicist who discovered x-rays in 1895 and won the first Nobel Prize in physics for his discovery.

Question 16

Roentgenography

Answer 16

synonym for radiography.

Question 17

rostral

Answer 17

Toward the nose. Contrast caudal.