F's Flashcards
feline polyarthritis:
A progressive, noninfectious, erosive or nonerosive inflammation of multiple joints with or without bone proliferation.
feline capital physeal dysplasia syndrome
A condition of unknown etiology in which osteonecrosis of the
femoral neck leads to pathologic fracture at the capita lphysis. May be unilateral or bilateral (if unilateral, the contralateral
limb often is affected within 6 to 12 months).
fibrous joint
A bony union with little mobility and lacking a joint cavity (e.g., sutures of the skull, attachment of hyoid bones to petrous temporal bone, attachment of tooth to alveolar bone). Other names: synarthrodial joint, synarthrosis.
field of view
Area of the body through which the primary x-ray beam passes. Field of view should be restricted to the area of interest by collimating the x-ray beam. Restriction of the field of view helps maximize image quality, minimize scatter radiation, and decrease distortion.
filament
A thin, threadlike conducting wire with a high melting point that forms the cathode (negative) part of the x-ray tube. It is the source of electrons.
filling defect
Anything that prevents contrast medium from occupying a hollow organ or space. Presents as a less opaque area(s) on a positive contrast study and a more opaque area(s) on a negative contrast study. May be caused by pathology or artifact.
film:screen system
Refers to a conventional radiography set up with a piece of x-ray film sandwiched between two intensifying screens and housed in a light-proof cassette.
fistulography
A radiographic contrast study used to investigate a fistulous tract or draining wound. Fistulogram
flail chest
Refers to instability of the thoracic wall caused by sequential segmental rib fractures that result in a portion of the chest wall becoming functionally detached. Flail chest is an emergency situation that results in paradoxical respiratory movements (detached portion is pulled inward during inspiration and pushed outward during expiration).
flexion
The bending of a limb or body part. Contrast extension.
fluoroscopy
A radiologic procedure using x-rays and a fluorescent screen to create real-time radiographic movies of anatomic structures. Fluoroscopy commonly is used to evaluate swallowing, GI motility, dynamic respiratory diseases,movements of the diaphragm, and for interventional studies. Patient and nearby personnel are exposed to relatively high levels of radiation. Modern fluoroscopy systems allow images to be viewed via electronic intensification, which enhances visibility and decreases exposure.
fluid level
The interface between fluid and gas, demonstrated by using a horizontal x-ray beam (e.g., standing lateralradiograph, erect ventrodorsal radiograph). Gas must be presentto document the fluid level (need to see gas-fluid interface).
focal spot
The area on the anode target of an x-ray tube that is struck by electrons and from which x-rays are emitted.
focal film distance (FFD)
The distance from the focal spot to the film or detector. Other names: source-to-image detector distance (SID), focal-receptor distance (FRD).
fogging
Refers to the nondiagnostic blackening (or graying) of a film radiograph. May be caused by scatter radiation, visible light, pressure, heat, or chemicals.
foreign material
Any object or matter that is not normal to the place where it is found. Sometimes the term foreign body is used; however, a body is the physical structure of an organism.
fracture
A break or discontinuity in bone caused by a physical force that exceeds the structural capacity of the bone or by a disease that weakens the bone.
compression fracture
The ends of the bone fragments areimpacted into each other, resulting in a shortened or collapsed bone.
depression fracture
A fragment of a broken bone is located below the normal bone surface.
fissure fracture
An incomplete break in a bone that extends from another fracture.
folding fracture (torus or buckling fracture)
The cortex is broken on the concave side.
greenstick fracture (hairline fracture)
An incomplete linear break on the convex side of a bone.
incomplete fracture
A partial break in a bone; the bone is not in complete discontinuity; appears on radiographs as a break in only one side of the cortex.
open fracture
The overlying skin and soft tissues are perforated.
segmental fracture
Multiple breaks in a long bone that do not communicate; results in an isolated segment or fragment.
simple fracture
A single break in a bone, resulting in two fragments.
stress fracture (fatigue fracture)
A break in a bone caused by damage from repetitive cycling.
pathologic fracture
A break in a bone that has been weakened by underlying disease or a developmental defect.
Shearing fracture (abrasion fracture)
An open break or loss of bone secondary to severe friction or glancing trauma.
slab fracture
The edge of a bone is broken and the fracture line extends from one articular surface to the other.
articular fracture
A break in a bone that extends to a joint surface.
avulsion fracture
A break in a bone that occurs at an attachment site (e.g., ligament, tendon) and results in a piece of bone being pulled away from the main bone.
chip fracture
A corner or edge of a bone is broken.
closed fracture
The overlying skin and soft tissues are intact.
comminuted fracture
Multiple breaks in a bone that communicate at a single point; results in three or more fragments.
complete fracture
: A break in a bone that extends through the entire bone.
Salter–Harris type of fracture
A classification scheme to describe fractures in immature bones according to degree of epiphyseal, physeal, and metaphyseal involvement and ranked by increasing probability of a gross deformity during healing.
- type I: Fracture involves physis only.
- type II: Fracture involves physis and metaphysis.
- type III: Fracture involves physis and epiphysis.
- type IV: Fracture involves physis, metaphysis, and epiphysis.
- type V: A compression fracture of the physis.
- type VI: A compression fracture involving only part ofthe physis.
