E's

Question 1

esophagography:

Answer 1

A radiographic contrast study of the esophagus. Esophagram.

Question 2

excretory urography (EU):

Answer 2

A radiographic contrast study of the kidney and ureters. Other names: intravenous urography (old term: intravenous pyelogram or IVP).

Question 3

exostosis

Answer 3

A bony growth that projects outward from the surface of a bone. The term is nondescript, and any exostosis should be investigated and further described as to origin (e.g., periosteal response, osteophyte, enthesophyte).

Question 4

extension:

Answer 4

The straightening of a limb or other body part. Contrast flexion.

Question 5

extrapleural sign

Answer 5

Refers to lesions arising outside the parietal or mediastinal pleura; commonly originating from the thoracic wall, diaphragm, or mediastinum. Presents as a mass bulging into the thoracic cavity, displacing (indenting) the adjacent lung. Margins of the mass taper cranially and caudally to blend with the thoracic wall, diaphragm, or mediastinum.

Question 6

eburnation

Answer 6

Subchondral osteosclerosis, commonly occurs after articular cartilage has been lost.

Question 7

ectrodactyly

Answer 7

A congenital malformation in which one or more central digits are absent or reduced in size.

Question 8

elbow incongruity

Answer 8

A distinct disorder in which the distal humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna do not fit properly due to abnormal development of the proximal ulna or humeral condyle; elbow incongruity is associated with elbow dysplasia and often erroneously included in the description of asynchronous growth of the radius and ulna.

Question 9

emphysema

Answer 9

The abnormal accumulation of gas in a tissue (e.g., subcutaneous emphysema, emphysematous cystitis). Also, the overinflation of a lung(s) (see pulmonary emphysema).

Question 10

enchondroma

Answer 10

A benign cartilaginous tumor that develops from displaced growth cartilage. Tumor continues to grow and expand but fails to ossify. Appears on radiographs as an expansile, well-defined area of decreased opacity in the medullary cavity of a long bone (usually in the metaphysis or diaphysis).

Question 11

endochondral ossification

Answer 11

The formation of bone in a cartilaginous framework.

Question 12

endosteum

Answer 12

Similar to periosteum but lines the medullary cavities of bones.

Question 13

enthesophyte

Answer 13

A bony growth or spur projecting outward from a site of joint capsule, tendinous or ligamentous attachment; mineralization of said attachments.

Question 14

epidurography

Answer 14

A radiographic contrast study of the cauda equina and associated nerve roots.

Question 15

epiphysis

Answer 15

“Upon the physis,” the rounded end of a long bone that supports the articular cartilage; a secondary ossification center at the proximal or distal end of most long bones. In immature animals, the epiphysis is separated from the metaphysis by the physis.

Question 16

erect

Answer 16

Position in which the animal is vertical (frequently held upright and usually standing on its hind legs); x-ray beam commonly is directed horizontally.

Question 17

Diaphragmatic eventration

Answer 17

refers to an abnormal contour of the diaphragmatic dome. It typically affects only a segment of the hemidiaphragm, compared to paralysis/weakness where the entire hemidiaphragm is typically affected. Radiographic findings with eventration: asymmetrical with one part protruding further cranial than the rest, may mimic a caudal intrathoracic mass, no evidence of trauma, pleural effusion is absenct