Quizzes Flashcards
What is a common anticholinergic agent used in vet medicine
Atropine
A cholinergic blocker is a drug that blocks the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors of the _________ nervous system
Parasympathetic
What happens when atropine is used in eyedrops
It causes the pupils to dilate
Why is atropine used as a preanesthetic
To protect the heart from bradycardia
Propranolol is an example of what category of drugs
Beta blocker
What is the adrenergic receptor that is located in the heart. They increase the heart rate, strength of contraction. Propanol is an example
Beta 1
What type of adrenergic receptor causes smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels in the skin to constrict. Acepromazine blocks it
Alpha 1
What adrenergic receptors are located on the ends of adrenergic neurons, where they help regulate the release of norepinephrine. Dormitor is an agonist.
Alpha 2
What adrenergic receptor when stimulated they cause Bronchodilation. Ventolin is an agonist
Beta 2
Where will atropine and glycopyrolate have their effect
Muscarinic receptor
What part of the autonomic nervous system is associated with fight or flight
Sympathetic
What neurotransmitter is associated with fight or flight
Norepinephrine
What neurotransmitter is for cholinergic sites
Acetylcholine
What is the class of the drug
NSAID
What Are two other drugs that are also in this class
Metacam
What are the two client recommendations that go with this drug
Give with a meal
Discontinue use if animal is vomiting or has diarrhea
True or false: the above class of drugs should be able to provide enough analgesia to allow an animal with a broken leg to be positioned for a radiograph of the leg without using anesthesia
False
True or false: cox 1 maintains physiologic functions such as modulation of renal blood flow and synthesis of gastric mucosa
True
What are three different classes of drugs that are used as a pre anesthetic
NSAID, opiate and tranquilizers
What is the reason for using an nsaid
Good anti inflammatory which ultimately helps to reduce pain. Less inflammation is less pain
What is an opiate
Helps to stop the body from receiving pain. It stops pain before it even starts.
What is a tranquilizer used for
Works well in conjunction with opiates. Calms animal which makes the knocking down process easier.
Where are enteral drugs are administered
Rectally and orally
What can pharmacokinetics be defined as
The method of absorption, metabolism, and excretion of a drug by the body
What can pharmacodynamics be defined by
The method by which the function of the living body is affected by the drug
What can therapeutic dose be defined by
The method by which the drug has the desired effect with minimal toxicity
Most excretion of drugs occurs via the
Liver bile and kidneys
WhEre does most biotransformation of drugs occurs in
The liver
Describe 3 aspects of the veterinarian client patient relationships for rx
☺️Veterinarian must be available for a follow up appointment
☺️Veterinarian must have seen the animal within a year and know about its medical history
☺️Veterinarian must make a decision for treatment based on the specific symptoms
Why are certain prescription drugs are also control drugs
They’re drugs that have the potential for human abuse
State two parenteral methods to administer medication
Iv im
Use pharmacokinetics to explain why the oral amoxil is ineffective at treating otitis externa
It is ineffective because it does not reach the outer ear, it goes into the bloodstream and there is no real major blood supply to the outer ear so it is excreted out instead of going into the ear to treat the bacteria.
What drug is an alpha 2 agonist
Decided dormitor
What drug is an alpha 1 antagonist
Acepromazine
What drug is a beta blocker
Propanolol
What drug is a beta 2 agonist
Ventolin
What drug is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer
Valium
What drug is a phenothiazine tranquilizer
Acepromazine
What drug is an anticholinergic
Atropine
What drug is the reversal agent for dormitor
Antisedan
What drug is a long acting barbiturate
Phenobarbital
Where are barbiturates metabolized by
Liver
What is a side effect of barbiturates
They are potent depressors of the respiratory system
What drug is used to stimulate breathing if a dog stops breathing
Dopram or doxapram
If a dog is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction, what emergency drug will be used
Epinephrine
What is apo morphine used for
To induce vomiting in dogs
What is neuroleptanalgesia
Tranquilizer and narcotic
What are two common drugs used to control or prevent seizures in dogs
Phenobarbital and kBr
Name a drug that is very useful in seizures but has too short of a half life to prevent them
Diazepam
Give an example where clomipramine is used for in cats and dogs
For animals with aggression
What is Naloxone used for in vet medicine
It is an opiate reversal agent
How can addisons develop after being on corticosteroids
If the adrenal cortex is not being used as frequently due to negative feedback then it will shrink and be unable to produce acth
What are two precautions to take to prevent the development of addisons
Wean off of dosage until you’re at lowest possible dose that works.
Take it every other day so that the AC won’t shrink.
Name two organs possibly damaged by rimadyl
Liver and kidney
Using pharmacokinetics explain why fentanyl is administered as a patch rather than an oral med
It has a very short half life as a pill and is metabolized by the liver too quickly and it doesn’t have the 24hr to reach the stable state and is instead excreted in the urine
How long does a fentanyl patch last
72hr
What are short term effects of corticosteroid use
Polyphagia
What are long term effects of corticosteroid use
Delayed healing
What is the classification of trimeprazine tartrate
Antihistamine
What is the classification of prednisolone
Cortisone.
Name a beta lactamase inhibitor
Clavamox
In what class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity potential side effects
Aminoglycosides
What medication is used to treat pasturella infection in rabbits and requires you to use gloves Because it causes aplastic anemia and blood dyscrasia
Chloramphenicol
Baytril, zeniquin and Orbax all belong to which group of antibiotics
Fluoroquinolones
What is a side effect of baytril being dosed in cats at a higher dosing schedule
Retinal damage
What is the clAss of antibiotics most commonly prescribed to treat mycoplasma or lymes is
Tetracyclines
What is the pharmacodynamics of penicillin
Destroys the cell wall
What does griseofulvin act on
Dermatophytes
Butorphanol is an opioid that is often used for analgesic properties but it also used in other clinical scenarios as
An antitissutive agent
Aminophylline and theophylline are ________ derivatives
Methylxanthine
What are expectorants
Drugs that liquify and dilute the viscus secretions of the respiratory tract, thereby helping to evacuate those secretions
Name a disease in cats were acyclovir would be used
Rhinovirus
In what diseases would interferon be used
Fiv, felv
Pseudoephedrine, ephedrine and phenyleprine are examples of what
Decongestants
Name a cholinergic blocker that dries up bronchial secretions and causes Bronchodilation
Antihistamine
Name a beta 2 adrenergic agent that causes Bronchodilation
Ventolin
Name the toxic ingredient in chocolate
Theobromine
What is igr
Insect growth regulator
What is praziquantel used for
Tapeworms
Ivermectin and moxidectin are part of which class
Avermectins
Identify which of the 4 is not a monthly heartworm preventative. Milbemycin oxime Selamactin Heart guard plus Diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine
What is a topical solution that controls roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms
Profender
Praziquantel is the active ingredient found in what medication
Droncit
An organophosphate is a substance that can interfere with the function of the nervous system by inhibiting which enzyme
Cholinesterase
What dog breed is most susceptible to ivermectin toxicosis
Collie
T/F: heartworm disease can be acquired from a blood transfusion taken from a heartworm positive dog that has circulating microfilariae.
False
What is the name of the product that is an oral flea adulticide that causes rapid death of fleas
Cap star
What is the antidote for organophosphate toxicity
Atropine
List two monthly heartworm preventative but not fleas
Heart guard and interceptor
List two monthly flea only preventatives
Advantage, program
List 3 monthly heartworm and flea preventatives
Revolution, advantage multi and trifexis
List one oral flea and tick preventative
Bravecto
How is sentinel different than interceptor
Different active ingredients
How is capstar excreted
Unchanged in the urine.
1 day- dogs
2 days- cats
Explain to an owner how they should administer lopatol
Fast dog, give it to him in the morning with adequate water and 1/4 food. Give rest of food at dinner time
A 6 week 1lb kitten was given 2 tablets of milbemax- how concerned are you ?
I am, it’s a 16x overdose.
How much ivermectin per kg will a 5kg dog receive
13ug/kg
For revolution, what is the difference in concentration of the drug between the cat and dog products
The dog concentration is 2x the cat concentration
In which case would trifexis be contraindicated
In dogs with a history of epilepsy or seizures
How much fenbendazole is in 5g of panacur?
1110 mg
How many tablets of pyran 35 would a 7kg cat get
4 tablets
How many ml of strongid T to deworm a 25kg dog
2.5ml
What is a faster than normal heart rate
Tachycardia
When situations cause spontaneous depolarization of cardiac muscle or abnormalities of the conduction system what might occur
Arrhythmia
CHF chronic congestive heart failure or results when the pumping ability of the heart is impaired to the extent that sodium and water are retained in an effort to compensate for inadequate cardiac output. It is associated with all of the following: exercise intolerance, ascites, pulmonary edema, diaphragmatic hernia except……….
Diaphragmatic hernia
What is digitalis. It is obtained from the dried leaves of the plant digitalis purpurea.
Cardiac glycoside
True or false: gloves do not have to be worn when applying nitroglycerin
False
What can Furosemide cause in patients
Hypokalemia
Name a common Ionatropic cardiac medicine prescribed for congestive heart failure
Vetmedin
Name a common ace inhibitor are used in the veterinary medicine
Fortekor
Name a drug that will be given to Jack to treat or help manage pulmonary edema
Lasix
By which route would lasix be given in order for it to be in Jack’s system within 10 to 20 minutes
Intramuscular
Name a drug that can be given to Jack to help manage his general anxiety because of not being able to breathe
Morphine
What two active hormones are produced by the thyroid gland
T3 and T4
What is the concentration of Caninsulin
U40
How do you resuspend insulin
Rolling tube in hands. Don’t shake it
Name the structures of the pancreas that produces insulin
Islets of langerhans or beta cells
When and how should the owner feed the cat
Feed 2x per day small portion of intake in the morning and night
When should the owner give Caninsulin
Morning and night
Describe how the owner should inject the Caninsulin
Sub cutaneously on alternate sides
What medical condition does topazole (methimazole) treat
Hyperthyroid
Name two treatments other than topazole for hyperthyroid
Radioactive iodine and surgical removal of adenoma
Estrogen in the form of diethylstilbestrol can be use to treat what problem in the dog
Urinary incontinence
If you draw up 20 U with a U 40 syringe- how many mls have you drawn up
0.5 ml
