Quiz's 13, 14, and 15 Flashcards
What technology was used as early as the mid 1920s?
shortwave radio
Clandestine broadcast stations flourished the most during which period?
The Cold war years
Which of the following is enforced by the Chinese government as a means to control information?
Internet accounts must be registered with the police
FreeNK is an example of an
exogenous station
Al-Zawraa, an antigovernment sunni-operated satellite TV station transmitting form constantly changing location is an ample of a _____ station
Clandestine
How does the development concept differ from the authoritarian concept of mass media?
The development concept has less censorship and less government control of content
What is one significant difference between American and European internet users?
European internet users must opt in before their personal data can be shared
What is the best definition of selective retention?
People best remember messages that are consistent with their preexisting beliefs
What is an example of Uses and Gratification theory?
Entertainment and information
The examination of such concepts as justice goodness and fairness are examples of _____?
metaethics
A reporters right to maintain a sources confidentiality in a court of law is ______?
protected by shiels law in most states
What was the significance of the 1957 supreme court case Roth V. United States?
It determined that sex and obscenity were not synonymous
Cultivation analysis
Peoples ideas of themselves and their world are shaped through media
Hypodermic needle or magic bullet theory
people need to be told what to think
Two-step flow theory
Peoples voting behavior was influenced by opinion leaders (people who interpret media and pass it on to opinion followers)
Dissonance
people, when confronted by new information, experience a kind of mental discomfort. Selective exposure, selective retention, and selective perception
Uses and gratification theory
Looks at how people use the media (entertainment and information)
Agenda setting
media dont tell you WHAT to think but what to think ABOUT
Social cognitive theory
The idea that people learn through observation.
How can you apply Social cognitive theory and what are some examples
It can be applied by using it as a guide to behavior change interventions
Example: Modeling, imitation, and identification
Argument #1 Media content has limited impact on audiences because people know it isnt real
- New is not make believe
- Most films are made to seem real
- Some are expressively real (reality TV)
- Advertising is supposed to tell the truth
- Early window (media gives a window to the world to children before they can judge it
- We enjoy shows by willingly suspending disbelief
Argument #2 Media content has limited impact on audiences because it is only play or entertainment
- News is not play or entertainment
- Play is important to the way we develop our knowledge
Argument #3 Media holds a mirror to society and reflects our world as it is
Media is a very selective mirror. Some are over or under represented or not even visible
Argument #4 Media reinforces preexisting values and beliefs
- Traditional socializing agents have lost most influence
- Reinforcement is not the same as having no effects
Argument #5 Media may affect unimportant things in our lives (fashion or fads)
- Fads and fashion are not unimportant
- Billions of money is spent on media efforts to sway social issue opinions
Modeling
learning through imitation and identification
Imitation
the direct replication of an observed behavior
Identification
a special form of imitation by which observers do not exactly copy what they have seen but make a more generalized but related response
Free press vs. fair trial
1st amendment is freedom of the press and the 6th is fair trial
4 parts of the 1st amendment
Freedom of speech, press, religion, and peaceable assemble
Libel
the false or malicious publication of material that damages a person reputation
Slander
oral or spoken purposeful malice, defamation of a person character (has to have a third party present)
Obscenity and pornography
sexually explicit content is pornography and protected until a court makes it illegal then it is obscenity and not protected
what is Roth of the United States
The First Amendment does not protect obscenity
Copyright
identifying and granting ownership of a given piece of expression
fair use and public domain
fair use (only a portion), public domain (anything all free)
What are the nine ethical news values?
- Accuracy and Accountability
- Confirmation
- Tenacity
- Dignity
- Reciprocity
- Sufficiency
- Equity
- Community
- Diversity
4 things about news values
- seek truth and report it,
- minimize harm,
- Act independently (no conflict of interest like getting paid),
- Be accountable
Global village
Everyone should just try to assimilate and be one big community and culture.
