Chapter 14 Flashcards
How long does copyright last?
The creators life + 70 years
What 4 things does Fair use include?
- limited noncommercial use, such as copying a passage from a novel for classroom use
- use of limited portions of a work
- use that does not decrease the commercial value of the original, such as videotaping a daytime football game for private, at-home viewing
- use in the public interest, such as Consumer Reports’s use of pieces of drug company television commercials to highlight its media literacy efforts.
Social responsibility theory
asserts that media must remain free of government control but, in exchange, media must serve the public
What are some principles of the Social responsibility theory?
- Media should accept and fulfill certain obligations to society.
- Media should be self-regulating
- Media professionals should be accountable
Ethics
rules of behavior or moral principles that guide our actions in given situations.
Metaethics
fundamental cultural values.
Normative ethics
more or less generalized theories, rules, and principles of ethical or moral behavior
applied ethics
the application of metaethics and normative ethics to very specific situations
What are the 6 conflicting interests?
- The interests of the moral agent’s individual conscience: media professionals must live with their decisions.
- The interests of the object of the act: a particular person or group is likely to be affected by media practitioners’ actions.
- The interests of financial supporters: someone pays the bills that allow the station to broadcast or the newspaper, magazine, or website to publish.
- The interests of the institution: media professionals have company loyalty, pride in the organization for which they work.
- The interests of the profession: media practitioners work to meet the expectations of their colleagues
- The interests of society: media professionals, have a social responsibility.
Truth and Honesty
the media is never completely honest. the editor shows their definition of the truth.
Privacy
Media is intrusive
confidentiality
the ability of media professionals to keep secret the names of people who provide them with information
shield law
legislation that expressly protects reporters’ rights to maintain sources’ confidentiality in courts of law
Know Conflict of interest
Free promotion for Amazon in exchange for free content for the station
embedding
reporters accepting military control over their reporting in exchange for close contact with the troops
Profit and social responsibility
industries exist not only to entertain and inform their audiences but also to make a profit for their owners and shareholders.
Code of ethics
These are prescriptive codes that tell media practitioners what they should do
4 self regulation limitations
- Media professionals are reluctant to identify and censure colleagues who transgress
- The standards for conduct and codes of behavior are abstract and ambiguous
- media practitioners are not subject to standards of professional training and licensing
- Media practitioners often have limited independent control over their work
What are the nine ethical news values?
- Accuracy
- Confirmation
- Tenacity: full effort?
- Dignity: Are the subjects of a report afforded as much self-respect as possible?
- Reciprocity: Does the story demonstrate an awareness that journalists and their readers, listeners, and viewers are partners in meaning making?
- Sufficiency: Have adequate journalistic resources been allocated to all important aspects of an issue?
- Equity
- Community: Does the account value social cohesion?
- Diversity
DRM
digital rights management and the protection of digitally distributed intellectual property.
What are some forms of media self-regulation?
policy books, operating policies, and editorial policies
What are the strengths of self-regulation?
they are an additional source of information to be considered when making moral judgments, and they represent a particular media industry’s best expression of its shared wisdom
What is the absolutist position on the First Amendment?
the idea that no law against free speech means no law.
Obscenity and pornography
sexually explicit content is pornography and protected until a court makes it illegal then it is obscenity and not protected
Indecency
language, or material that depicts sexual activities in a way offensive to contemporary community standards.
Democracy demands what?
A free press
4 things about the history of the 1st amendment
- peaceable assemble
- freedom of speech
- libertarianism
- needs self-regulation
Libertarianism
the philosophy of the press asserting that good and rational people can tell right from wrong if presented with full and free access to information
What does “no law” mean?
Absolitists position includes statutes, laws, administrative regulations, executive and court orders, and ordinances from government, regardless of locale
What is included in “the press”
TV, radio, print, all mass media and the definition is expanding not limiting
Clear and present danger
no legal absolute freedom of expression, the level of protection is one of degree
Free press vs. fair trial
1st amendment is freedom of the press and the 6th is fair trial
traffic cop analogy
FCC is more than a traffic cop, it can control more than the flow of info it can restrict dangerous content
Abridgement
Curtailing of rights, limits can be placed on time, place, and manner of expression
slander
oral or spoken purposeful malice, defamation of a person character (has to have a third party present)
balancing of interest
several factors should be weighed in determining how much freedom the press is granted
Libel
the false or malicious publication of material that damages a person reputation
Fairness doctrine
designed to cover issues of public interest and to be fair, equal time to both sides
Prior restraint
the power of the government to prevent the publication or broadcast of expression
