Chapter 4 Flashcards
disruptive transition
radical change in an industry brought about by the introduction of some new technology or product
Acta Diurna
written on a tablet, an account of the deliberations of the Roman senate; an early “newspaper”
corantos
one-page news sheets on specific events, printed in English but published in Holland and imported into England by British booksellers; an early “newspaper”
diurnals
daily accounts of local news printed in 1620s England; forerunners of our daily newspaper
broadsides (broadsheets)
early colonial newspapers imported from England, single-sheet announcements or accounts of events; also called broadsheets
illiteracy
the inability to read or write
Bill of Rights
the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution
First Amendment
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peacefully to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”
Alien and Sedition Acts
Congress making illegal the writing, publishing, or printing of “any false scandalous and malicious writing” about the president, Congress, or the U.S. government
penny press
newspapers in the 1830s selling for one penny
wire services
news-gathering organizations that provide content to members
yellow journalism
early 20th-century journalism emphasizing sensational sex, crime, and disaster news
newspaper chains
businesses that own two or more newspapers
pass-along readership
measurement of publication readers who neither subscribe nor buy single copies but who borrow a copy or read one in a doctor’s office or library
zoned editions
suburban or regional versions of metropolitan newspapers
hyperlocal free weeklies
no-cost news and information outlets serving discrete locales within larger cities and towns
ethnic press
papers, often in a foreign language, aimed at minority, immigrant, and non-English readers
Brief history of newspapers
The earliest - Acta Diurna (on a tablet)
17th century roots, europes corantos
Colonial newspapers (broadsides or broadsheets)
1790 Bill of rights
First Amendment Protections
Freedom of speech or of the press
Penny Press and 4 ways it changes the industry
- Annual subscription to one penny
- Money support from subscription to ads
- Political essays to new beats (courts, crime, arts)
- Delivery from mail to street corner
Wire services history
Associated press 1900, united press 1900, international news service 1909
Yellow journalism
Sensationalist news (Joseph pulitzer), giant headlines, heavy use of illustrations, reliance on cartoons and color
Newspaper competition and audiences
Radio - instant news
Television - engaging news
6 to 10 American adults read a daily news paper every week
Newspaper industry - dailies, metro weeklies, and ethnic press
dailies - wall street journal, USA today, New York Times
Over 7,000 newspapers operate in the US, 17% are dailies, 77% are weeklies, and 8% are semiweekly
Newspapers and advertising
Print ad revenues fell 62% from 2008 to 2018, 40% of all Americans read a print or online paper everyday, Newspapers are local
Trends of convergence with the internet
There is fear that newspapers will fail to successfully combat print’s failing business model, as younger readers turn toward the internet and social media for news.
The internet has proven most directly financially damaging to newspapers’ advertising business.
Only 20% of Americans pay for an online news source.
Hyper commercialization.
Erosion of the firewall, the barrier between a paper’s editorial mission and its advertising mission.
Sponsored content.
Papers may abandon their journalistic mission.
Vulture funds decimating editorial staff.
Shrinking new shoe.
changing readership
What happens to journalistic integrity when front pages are given over to topics that younger readers want?
What kind of culture develops on soft news rather than hard news?
What happens to journalistic integrity when front pages are given over to reports of starlets’ affairs, sports heroes’ retirements, and full-color photos of plane wrecks?
alternative press
typically weekly, free papers emphasizing events listings, local arts advertising, and “eccentric” personal classified ads
feature syndicates
clearinghouses for the work of columnists, cartoonists, and other creative individuals, providing their work to newspapers and other media outlets
sponsored content
content that matches the form and function of an editorial but is, in fact, paid for by an advertiser
newshole
the amount of space in a newspaper given to news
engagement reporting
calling on citizens to solicit tips, find sources, and identify under-reported stories
paywall
making online content available only to those visitors willing to pay
micropayments
small payments for individual stories provided by an aggregator
impressions
the number of times an online ad is seen
integrated audience reach
total numbers of the print edition of a newspaper plus unduplicated Web readers
click bait
Web content designed to attract ad impressions
soft news
sensational stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism
hard news
news stories that help readers make intelligent decisions and keep up with important issues
agenda setting
the theory that media may not tell us what to think but do tell us what to think about
e-replica edition
an online version of a newspaper that mimics its print version in look and format
What is the firewall?
The fire wall is the once inviolate barrier between newspapers’ editorial and advertising missions.
Why is the newspaper an attractive medium for advertisers?
they continue to attract millions of print and online readers.
What are the 6 different types of newspapers?
- National Daily Newspapers
- Large Metropolitan Dailies
- Suburban and Small-Town Dailies
- Weeklies and Semiweeklies
- The Ethnic Press
- The Alternative Press
When did newspaper chains begin?
Hearst owned several big-city papers in the 1880s.
The earliest known new publication was in roman times and called ____?
Acta Durma
What was the first daily newspaper published in colonial america?
Publick Occurences Both Forreign and Domestick
The creation of a wire service, the associated press, was significant because ___?
It was cheaper for newspapers to use the wire service instead of sending reporters out to remote locations
What was the North Star?
The most significant african american newspaper before the civil war
