Chapter 15

Question 1

Shortwave radio

Answer 1

low frequencies that reflect or skip off the ionosphere producing sky waves

Question 2

Clandestine stations

Answer 2

illegal or unlicensed broadcast operations frequently operated by revolutionary groups or intelligence agencies for political purposes

Question 3

Indigenous stations

Answer 3

operations functioning from inside the regions to which they transmit

Question 4

Exogenous stations

Answer 4

operations functioning from outside the regions to which they transmit

Question 5

Pirate broadcasters

Answer 5

unlicensed or otherwise illegally operated broadcast stations and were well subsidized by advertisers and record companies

Question 6

External service

Answer 6

a service designed by one country to counter enemy propaganda and disseminate information about itself

Example: BBC World service and VOA

Question 7

Surrogate service

Answer 7

an operation established by one country to substitute for another’s own domestic service

Example: Radio Marti

Question 8

Western concept

Answer 8

combines freedom with social responsibility and, where necessary, regulation

Question 9

D-notice

Answer 9

in Great Britain, an officially issued notice of prior restraint

Question 10

Development Concept

Answer 10

Media is used to meet specific cultural and societal needs

Question 11

Revolutionary concept

Answer 11

media involved in ending government monopoly over info; bringing down a government

Question 12

Authoritarian and Communism concepts

Answer 12

media is totally government controlled; those who opposed it are punished

Question 13

Global village

Answer 13

new communication technologies permit people to become increasingly involved in one another’s lives

Question 14

Cultural imperialism

Answer 14

the invasion of an indigenous people’s culture by the cultures of outside, powerful countries

Question 15

electronic colonialism theory

Answer 15

belief that cultural products from one country will overwhelm those of another

Question 16

Case For and Against global village

Answer 16

FOR: see the world community coming closer together as a common culture as we become more economically interconnected
AGAINST: national identities and cultures will disappear

Question 17

Global village and cultural imperialism debate

Answer 17

global village is the interconnected world due to mass media and technology
vs dominant cultures influencing and potentially eroding local cultures globally.

Question 18

Macbride report

Answer 18

aimed to address concerns about the preservation of national and cultural sovereignty in the face of rapid globalization of mass media.

Question 19

NWICO

Answer 19

New World Information and Communication Order that contained several elements problematic to Western democracies.

Question 20

Comparative analysis

Answer 20

the study of different countries’ mass media systems

Question 21

Three ways other countries handle advertising

Answer 21

1. the United Kingdom’s bans gender stereotyping in advertising
2. The French government gives tax credits to new newspaper subscribers
3. Movies in Sweden must also carry a gender rating.