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Anatomy and Physiology > Quiz Questions and Answers > Flashcards

Quiz Questions and Answers Flashcards

1
Q

If the definition of Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, then what is an example?

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Types of anatomical study consists of a field of study called Cytology. This is anatomy using a

A

Microscope to look at cells

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3
Q

The single most independent form of life can be characterized in the

A

Cell

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4
Q

_____ is the organism’s response to change in its environment.

A

Responsiveness

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5
Q

____, for an organism, can be internal or external.

A

Movement

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6
Q

_______ can cause the organism to become bigger and their cells to become more organized.

A

Growth and differentiation

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7
Q

Metabolism refers to _____ in the body.

A

Chemical reactions

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8
Q

The _____ system is the first barrier defense against pathogens and separates the inside from the outside.

A

Integument

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9
Q

The _______ system deals with direct stimuli and activities

A

Nervous

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10
Q

The ____ system regulates hormones.

A

Endocrine

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11
Q

The ______ system deals with support, movement and heat.

A

Muscular

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12
Q

The ____ system works with absorbing nutrients and processing food.

A

Digestive

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13
Q

The ______ system absorbs water from tissues to prevent edema.

A

Lymphatic

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14
Q

The _____ system removes waste from the body.

A

Urinary

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15
Q

The ______ system provides gas exchange.

A

Respiratory

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16
Q

The body stores energy in a molecule called _______.

A

ATP

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17
Q

_____ energy is like a boulder setting atop of a cliff.

A

Potential

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18
Q

____ is when H+ become numerous in a solution.

A

Acidity

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19
Q

H20 <-> H+ + OH- means _____.

A

a. There are equal number of ions
b. The solution is neutral

Correct Answer
c. Both are true

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20
Q

There are two organic compounds that are needed for life.

A

Proteins and carbohydrates

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21
Q

To make a polymer you must use the _____ method to join two monomers together.

A

dehydration, Hydrolysis

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22
Q

The major carbohydrate molecule that is stored in your body for energy is _____.

A

Glycogen

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23
Q

A saturated fatty acid is “saturated” with ______.

A

Hydrogens

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24
Q

The building blocks of proteins are ______.

A

Amino acids

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25
Q

There are 20 different amino acids that make up all of the proteins in life. Most proteins are over 100 amino acids in length. A length of amino acids with no shape is considered the _____ structure and is not functional.

A

Primary

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26
Q

The bonds that join the amino acids are called ______.

A

Peptide

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27
Q

A hemoglobin molecule is an example of a _____ structure

A

Quaternary

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28
Q

There are four stages of structures to a protein. The _____ structure becomes the first “functional” structure.

A

Tertiary

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29
Q

All amino acids have a different ____ group.

A

R

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30
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids are ____ at room temperature.

A

Liquid

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31
Q

What are the two classes of cells found in the human body?

A

sex cells and somatic cells

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32
Q

What are the two main lipids found in the structure of the plasmalemma

A

cholesterol and phospholipids

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33
Q

Centrioles __________.

A

have a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules
are found in all animal cells capable of undergoing cell division
are found in pairs, except during cell division

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34
Q

Hollow tubes in the cytoskeleton that give the cells strength and rigidity and anchor organelles are the __________.

A

microtubules

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35
Q

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is __________.

A

the site of protein synthesis

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36
Q

Lysosomes __________.

A

contain digestive enzymes

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37
Q

What type of ribosome can be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

membrane flow

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38
Q

The TCA cycle __________.

A

is aerobic

is important in ATP production

occurs inside mitochondria

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39
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of microtubules

A

Form the mitotic spindle.

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40
Q

Which of these statements about the cytoplasm and cytosol is FALSE?

A

The keratin filaments of skin cells are intermediate filaments.

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41
Q

Which of these statements about chromosome structure is FALSE?

A

The nucleoli contain genetic information for building the ribosomal RNA.

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42
Q

The process resulting in the assembly of a functional protein from messenger RNA is called __________.

A

translation

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43
Q

The process by which messenger RNA is formed from DNA is called __________.

A

transcription

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44
Q

There are 5 skin functions. Which one is not correct?

A

Storage of nutrients in the form of glycogen

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45
Q

“Epi” means ______.

A

Above

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46
Q

Follicles are considered a skin accessory.

A

False

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47
Q

The stratum ________ and are “stem cells” which replace the cells lost in the upper layers.

A

germinativum

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48
Q

When cells reach this layer they have quit dividing and start to make proteins keratin.

A

granulosum

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49
Q

Found only in thick skin of palms of hands and soles of feet.

A

lucidum

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50
Q

The layer that contains LangerHans cells.

A

Spinosum

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51
Q

The skin pigment that accounts for a yellowish color is due to ______.

A

Carotene

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52
Q

Skin cancer called Basal cell carcinoma starts in what layer of skin?

A

germinativum

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53
Q

The subcutaneous layer is NOT a part of the integument layer

A

vellus hairs

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54
Q

The ________ nerves surround the base so you can feel wind blow.

A

Root hair plexus

55
Q

The other glands that are associated with skin are ______.

A

a. mammary glands
b. ceruminous glands
c. mucous glands

56
Q

The lunula is located near the nail root.

A

True

57
Q

The ____ is where the skin becomes thickened and shiny from scar tissue.

A

Keloid

58
Q

The skeletal system has a protective function in that __________.

A

soft tissues and organs such as the heart and lungs are surrounded by the ribs and sternum

59
Q

The diaphysis is connected to the epiphysis by the __________.

A

metaphysis

60
Q

Spinal vertebrae are examples of __________.

A

irregular bones

61
Q

The size and number of __________ vary among individuals.

A

sesamoid bones

sutural bones

62
Q

The frontal bone is an example of a(n) __________.

A

flat bone

63
Q

A chamber within a bone, usually filled with air, is called a _________

A

A sinus

64
Q

Which of the following statements about bone markings is FALSE?

A

A tuberosity is a pointed process.

65
Q

The mineral crystal found within the matrix of bone is called __________.

A

hydroxyapatite

66
Q

Osteoblasts are __________.

A

involved in the production of new bone matrix

67
Q

The removal of collagen fibers from bone would cause the bone to __________.

A

become less flexible

68
Q

Osteoclasts __________.

A

remove bone matrix

69
Q

Osteolysis is the __________.

A

removal of bone matrix by osteoclasts

70
Q

What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?

A

osteon

71
Q

Perforating canals __________.

A

supply blood to the osteons

72
Q

Skeletal muscle is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A

production of vitamin D

73
Q

Skeletal muscle functions in __________.

A

maintaining body temperature

74
Q

What is the functional unit of the muscle fiber?

A

sarcomere

75
Q

What is the membranous network that surrounds each myofibril?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

76
Q

The command to contract is conducted throughout the muscle fiber by the __________.

A

transverse tubules

77
Q

The part of the sarcomere that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments is the __________.

A

H band

78
Q

Z lines __________.

A

mark the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres

79
Q

For tropomyosin to be shifted off its position covering the active sites of G actin molecules, calcium ions must bind to which structure?

A

troponin

80
Q

Which of the following descriptions of sarcomere components is FALSE?

A

The I band contains the zone of overlap at its center.

81
Q

When Jennifer looks through the microscope at skeletal and cardiac muscles, she sees striations. What are these striations?

A

A bands and I bands

82
Q

The junction between a muscle cell and the neuron innervating that cell is the __________.

A

neuromuscular junction

83
Q

ACh is released from what structure?

A

synaptic terminal

84
Q

Which of the following does NOT happen when the action potential reaches the synaptic terminal?

A

Potassium ions flood the intercellular space.

85
Q

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in a contraction cycle?

A

active-site exposure, cross-bridge attachment, pivoting, cross-bridge detachment, myosin reactivation

86
Q

What happens when the myosin head splits ATP into ADP and a phosphate group?

A

myosin reactivation

87
Q

______ nerves are defined as nerves that are entering the CNS from the PNS.

A

Afferent

88
Q

______ nerves are defined as nerves that are going out to the muscles and glands from the CNS.

A

Efferent

89
Q

_____ can be categorized as belonging to the somatic, parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

A

Effectors

90
Q

The ______ nervous system takes care of the body without having to think about it.

A

Autonomic

91
Q

The ______ nervous system deals mainly with skeletal muscles.

A

Somatic

92
Q

_____ nervous system deals with the phenomenon of fight or flight.

A

sympathetic

93
Q

_____ nervous system decreases the metabolic rate and is said to be rest and digest.

A

Parasympathetic

94
Q

The _______ is the functional unit of the nervous system.

A

Neuron

95
Q

The _______ is the space between the synaptic terminal and the post synaptic cell.

A

synaptic cleft

96
Q

_____ neurons are mainly found working as motor impulses to skeletal muscle.

A

Multipolar

97
Q

Proprioceptors are a type of motor neuron.

A

False

98
Q

.Schwann cells are found in the CNS

A

False

99
Q

______ cells are neuroglial cells that reside in the CNS and clean up the tissue by phagocytosis.

A

Microglia

100
Q

________ are propagated changes in the “Transmembrane potential”, that once initiated affect an entire excitable membrane. 

A

Action potential

101
Q

The grey matter in the spinal cord is composed of _____.

A

Cell bodies

102
Q

Going from the skull to the coccyx the types of nerves are in this order.

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

103
Q

The dorsal root ganglia _____

A

which contain the “cell bodies” of sensory neurons (brings information into spinal cord).

104
Q

The definition of Spinal nerves is _____.

A

is when the “sensory” and “motor” roots are bound together.

105
Q

The definition of Cauda equine is ________.

A

is formed by “filum terminale” and “ventral” and “dorsal root”.

106
Q

The location of the dura mater is close against the cerebrum.

A

False
Dura Mater, Anachroid, Pia
Periosteal layer: Also known as the endosteal layer, this layer is closest to the skull bone and is made up of fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
Meningeal layer: This layer is closest to the brain tissue

107
Q

The arachnoid mater is called this because it means ____.

A

Spider

108
Q

A spinal tap is used to check for a stroke. What are the doctors looking for?

A

A. Cloudy
b. Blood
c. epidermal cells

109
Q

The Posterior grey horn contains _____.

A

contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei.

110
Q

The grey commissure contains _______.

A

connects posterior and anterior sections.

111
Q

The anterior grey horns contain _______.

A

somatic motor nuclei only.

112
Q

The _____ surrounds the fascicle of the nerve bundle.

A

Perineurium

113
Q

The ____ nerve serves the back of the hand and the back of the thumb.

A

Radial

114
Q

The _____ nerve serves the first three fingers and the palm.

A

Median

115
Q

The ______ nerve serves the pinky and the ring finger and hand.

A

Ulnar

116
Q

The translation of a stimulus into an action potential is known as _____.

A

transduction

117
Q

Nociceptors are _____.
They are sensitive to _____.

A

pain receptors
extremes of temperature,mechanical damage, and chemicals released from injured cells

118
Q

Distinguishing facts concerning tonic receptors include all of the following EXCEPT _____

A

tonic receptors are active for a short time whenever a change occurs in conditions monitored

119
Q

A taste receptor is sensitive to dissolved chemicals but not to pressure or photons because _____.

A

each receptor type exhibits receptor specificity

120
Q

Which type of tactile receptor gives you the most information about location size and shape of the source of stimulation?

A

tactile (Merkel) disc

121
Q

Receptors that monitor conditions of internal organs are _____.

A

interoceptors

122
Q

What type of fibers carry information about itch and tickle sensations?

A

unmyelinated Type C fibers

123
Q

myelinated Type A fibers

A

large, heavily myelinated nerve fibers that are considered the fastest conducting nerve fibers in the body, carrying both sensory and motor information with high speed due to their thick myelin sheath

124
Q

Baroreceptors are located in _____ and detect changes in _____.

A

major arteries; pressure

125
Q

What would happen if the information from proprioceptors in your legs was blocked from reaching the CNS?

A

Your lower limb movements would be uncoordinated.
You wouldn’t know position or degree of stretch in tendons of your legs.

126
Q

Neurotransmitters used by neurons that bring pain sensations into the CNS include _____.

A

glutamate
substance P

127
Q

substance P

A

a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the central and peripheral nervous systems

128
Q

The cerebellum monitors proprioceptive information for which two senses?

A

vestibular and visual

129
Q

If a sensation is to reach your conscious awareness, there must be a synapse with a _____ in the _____.

A

third-order neuron; thalamus

130
Q

Which of the following has occurred if you no longer notice the smell of a dirty cat litter box?

A

central adaptation

131
Q

If transduction does not occur, what do you perceive about a stimulus?

A

It is as though the stimulus did not take place and you feel nothing.

132
Q

Somatic sensory pathways carry information from the _____ and the _____ of the head, neck, limbs, and body wall.

A

skin; muscles

133
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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