Quiz Questions and Answers Flashcards
If the definition of Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, then what is an example?
Neurons
Types of anatomical study consists of a field of study called Cytology. This is anatomy using a
Microscope to look at cells
The single most independent form of life can be characterized in the
Cell
_____ is the organism’s response to change in its environment.
Responsiveness
____, for an organism, can be internal or external.
Movement
_______ can cause the organism to become bigger and their cells to become more organized.
Growth and differentiation
Metabolism refers to _____ in the body.
Chemical reactions
The _____ system is the first barrier defense against pathogens and separates the inside from the outside.
Integument
The _______ system deals with direct stimuli and activities
Nervous
The ____ system regulates hormones.
Endocrine
The ______ system deals with support, movement and heat.
Muscular
The ____ system works with absorbing nutrients and processing food.
Digestive
The ______ system absorbs water from tissues to prevent edema.
Lymphatic
The _____ system removes waste from the body.
Urinary
The ______ system provides gas exchange.
Respiratory
The body stores energy in a molecule called _______.
ATP
_____ energy is like a boulder setting atop of a cliff.
Potential
____ is when H+ become numerous in a solution.
Acidity
H20 <-> H+ + OH- means _____.
a. There are equal number of ions
b. The solution is neutral
Correct Answer
c. Both are true
There are two organic compounds that are needed for life.
Proteins and carbohydrates
To make a polymer you must use the _____ method to join two monomers together.
dehydration, Hydrolysis
The major carbohydrate molecule that is stored in your body for energy is _____.
Glycogen
A saturated fatty acid is “saturated” with ______.
Hydrogens
The building blocks of proteins are ______.
Amino acids
There are 20 different amino acids that make up all of the proteins in life. Most proteins are over 100 amino acids in length. A length of amino acids with no shape is considered the _____ structure and is not functional.
Primary
The bonds that join the amino acids are called ______.
Peptide
A hemoglobin molecule is an example of a _____ structure
Quaternary
There are four stages of structures to a protein. The _____ structure becomes the first “functional” structure.
Tertiary
All amino acids have a different ____ group.
R
Unsaturated fatty acids are ____ at room temperature.
Liquid
What are the two classes of cells found in the human body?
sex cells and somatic cells
What are the two main lipids found in the structure of the plasmalemma
cholesterol and phospholipids
Centrioles __________.
have a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules
are found in all animal cells capable of undergoing cell division
are found in pairs, except during cell division
Hollow tubes in the cytoskeleton that give the cells strength and rigidity and anchor organelles are the __________.
microtubules
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is __________.
the site of protein synthesis
Lysosomes __________.
contain digestive enzymes
What type of ribosome can be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
membrane flow
The TCA cycle __________.
is aerobic
is important in ATP production
occurs inside mitochondria
Which of the following is NOT a function of microtubules
Form the mitotic spindle.
Which of these statements about the cytoplasm and cytosol is FALSE?
The keratin filaments of skin cells are intermediate filaments.
Which of these statements about chromosome structure is FALSE?
The nucleoli contain genetic information for building the ribosomal RNA.
The process resulting in the assembly of a functional protein from messenger RNA is called __________.
translation
The process by which messenger RNA is formed from DNA is called __________.
transcription
There are 5 skin functions. Which one is not correct?
Storage of nutrients in the form of glycogen
“Epi” means ______.
Above
Follicles are considered a skin accessory.
False
The stratum ________ and are “stem cells” which replace the cells lost in the upper layers.
germinativum
When cells reach this layer they have quit dividing and start to make proteins keratin.
granulosum
Found only in thick skin of palms of hands and soles of feet.
lucidum
The layer that contains LangerHans cells.
Spinosum
The skin pigment that accounts for a yellowish color is due to ______.
Carotene
Skin cancer called Basal cell carcinoma starts in what layer of skin?
germinativum
The subcutaneous layer is NOT a part of the integument layer
vellus hairs
The ________ nerves surround the base so you can feel wind blow.
Root hair plexus
The other glands that are associated with skin are ______.
a. mammary glands
b. ceruminous glands
c. mucous glands
The lunula is located near the nail root.
True
The ____ is where the skin becomes thickened and shiny from scar tissue.
Keloid
The skeletal system has a protective function in that __________.
soft tissues and organs such as the heart and lungs are surrounded by the ribs and sternum
The diaphysis is connected to the epiphysis by the __________.
metaphysis
Spinal vertebrae are examples of __________.
irregular bones
The size and number of __________ vary among individuals.
sesamoid bones
sutural bones
The frontal bone is an example of a(n) __________.
flat bone
A chamber within a bone, usually filled with air, is called a _________
A sinus
Which of the following statements about bone markings is FALSE?
A tuberosity is a pointed process.
The mineral crystal found within the matrix of bone is called __________.
hydroxyapatite
Osteoblasts are __________.
involved in the production of new bone matrix
The removal of collagen fibers from bone would cause the bone to __________.
become less flexible
Osteoclasts __________.
remove bone matrix
Osteolysis is the __________.
removal of bone matrix by osteoclasts
What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?
osteon
Perforating canals __________.
supply blood to the osteons
Skeletal muscle is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT __________.
production of vitamin D
Skeletal muscle functions in __________.
maintaining body temperature
What is the functional unit of the muscle fiber?
sarcomere
What is the membranous network that surrounds each myofibril?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
The command to contract is conducted throughout the muscle fiber by the __________.
transverse tubules
The part of the sarcomere that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments is the __________.
H band
Z lines __________.
mark the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres
For tropomyosin to be shifted off its position covering the active sites of G actin molecules, calcium ions must bind to which structure?
troponin
Which of the following descriptions of sarcomere components is FALSE?
The I band contains the zone of overlap at its center.
When Jennifer looks through the microscope at skeletal and cardiac muscles, she sees striations. What are these striations?
A bands and I bands
The junction between a muscle cell and the neuron innervating that cell is the __________.
neuromuscular junction
ACh is released from what structure?
synaptic terminal
Which of the following does NOT happen when the action potential reaches the synaptic terminal?
Potassium ions flood the intercellular space.
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in a contraction cycle?
active-site exposure, cross-bridge attachment, pivoting, cross-bridge detachment, myosin reactivation
What happens when the myosin head splits ATP into ADP and a phosphate group?
myosin reactivation
______ nerves are defined as nerves that are entering the CNS from the PNS.
Afferent
______ nerves are defined as nerves that are going out to the muscles and glands from the CNS.
Efferent
_____ can be categorized as belonging to the somatic, parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
Effectors
The ______ nervous system takes care of the body without having to think about it.
Autonomic
The ______ nervous system deals mainly with skeletal muscles.
Somatic
_____ nervous system deals with the phenomenon of fight or flight.
sympathetic
_____ nervous system decreases the metabolic rate and is said to be rest and digest.
Parasympathetic
The _______ is the functional unit of the nervous system.
Neuron
The _______ is the space between the synaptic terminal and the post synaptic cell.
synaptic cleft
_____ neurons are mainly found working as motor impulses to skeletal muscle.
Multipolar
Proprioceptors are a type of motor neuron.
False
.Schwann cells are found in the CNS
False
______ cells are neuroglial cells that reside in the CNS and clean up the tissue by phagocytosis.
Microglia
________ are propagated changes in the “Transmembrane potential”, that once initiated affect an entire excitable membrane.
Action potential
The grey matter in the spinal cord is composed of _____.
Cell bodies
Going from the skull to the coccyx the types of nerves are in this order.
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
The dorsal root ganglia _____
which contain the “cell bodies” of sensory neurons (brings information into spinal cord).
The definition of Spinal nerves is _____.
is when the “sensory” and “motor” roots are bound together.
The definition of Cauda equine is ________.
is formed by “filum terminale” and “ventral” and “dorsal root”.
The location of the dura mater is close against the cerebrum.
False
Dura Mater, Anachroid, Pia
Periosteal layer: Also known as the endosteal layer, this layer is closest to the skull bone and is made up of fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
Meningeal layer: This layer is closest to the brain tissue
The arachnoid mater is called this because it means ____.
Spider
A spinal tap is used to check for a stroke. What are the doctors looking for?
A. Cloudy
b. Blood
c. epidermal cells
The Posterior grey horn contains _____.
contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei.
The grey commissure contains _______.
connects posterior and anterior sections.
The anterior grey horns contain _______.
somatic motor nuclei only.
The _____ surrounds the fascicle of the nerve bundle.
Perineurium
The ____ nerve serves the back of the hand and the back of the thumb.
Radial
The _____ nerve serves the first three fingers and the palm.
Median
The ______ nerve serves the pinky and the ring finger and hand.
Ulnar
The translation of a stimulus into an action potential is known as _____.
transduction
Nociceptors are _____.
They are sensitive to _____.
pain receptors
extremes of temperature,mechanical damage, and chemicals released from injured cells
Distinguishing facts concerning tonic receptors include all of the following EXCEPT _____
tonic receptors are active for a short time whenever a change occurs in conditions monitored
A taste receptor is sensitive to dissolved chemicals but not to pressure or photons because _____.
each receptor type exhibits receptor specificity
Which type of tactile receptor gives you the most information about location size and shape of the source of stimulation?
tactile (Merkel) disc
Receptors that monitor conditions of internal organs are _____.
interoceptors
What type of fibers carry information about itch and tickle sensations?
unmyelinated Type C fibers
myelinated Type A fibers
large, heavily myelinated nerve fibers that are considered the fastest conducting nerve fibers in the body, carrying both sensory and motor information with high speed due to their thick myelin sheath
Baroreceptors are located in _____ and detect changes in _____.
major arteries; pressure
What would happen if the information from proprioceptors in your legs was blocked from reaching the CNS?
Your lower limb movements would be uncoordinated.
You wouldn’t know position or degree of stretch in tendons of your legs.
Neurotransmitters used by neurons that bring pain sensations into the CNS include _____.
glutamate
substance P
substance P
a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the central and peripheral nervous systems
The cerebellum monitors proprioceptive information for which two senses?
vestibular and visual
If a sensation is to reach your conscious awareness, there must be a synapse with a _____ in the _____.
third-order neuron; thalamus
Which of the following has occurred if you no longer notice the smell of a dirty cat litter box?
central adaptation
If transduction does not occur, what do you perceive about a stimulus?
It is as though the stimulus did not take place and you feel nothing.
Somatic sensory pathways carry information from the _____ and the _____ of the head, neck, limbs, and body wall.
skin; muscles
