Chapter 5 The Integumentary System Flashcards
4 Parts of the Cutaneous Membrane: Epidermis, Dermis, Papillary ______ Reticular
Largest Sys of Body - 16% body weight
2 Components of the Integumentary System are
Cutaneous membrane and accessory structures
Cutaneous - Outer Epidermis (Superficial Epidermis , Inner Dermis (Connective Tissue
Accessory Structures Originate In Dermis, Extend through Epidermis, Hair & Follicles - Exocrine Glands and Nails
Epidermis Thin Skin, 4 layers Bottom up - Stratum Basale - Spinosum - Granulosum - Corneum , Keratinocytes, Body’s most abundant.
Epidermis Thick skin , Finger pads - 5 layers, Stratum Basale - Spinosum - Grandulosum - Lucidum - Corneum
Functions of Int Syst - Protect underlying tissue, Excrete Salt water waste, Maint Temp,
Produce Melantin, Keratin (Protein), D3, Lipids Storage, Sensory to touch, Coord Immune response
Tactile Corpusle - Feelings
Aerrctor Pili Muscle - goose bumps
Dermis - Between EpiDerm and Subcu - Supports EpiDerm -
Anchors Accessory Structures - Hair - Sweat Glands
Keratin = Protein - Large Amts in Stratum Spinosum
Cutaneous & Subpapillary Contains - Blood Vessels and Sensory Receptors
Thick Skin - Palms and Soles, Finger Pads
Subcutaneous - Loose Connective tissue below the Dermis
Reticular Layer - Extensive Distention ____ Stretch Marks, Reticlular Layer
UV causes excessive skin sag
Hair _____ made up from Keratinized dead cells
Hair is formed in the folicles
Dermis - 1) Outer Papillary Layer 2) Deep Reticular Layer
Tactile Discs - Melanocytes , Tactile Corpusles - Feeling Touch
Hair color produced by Melanocytes at the Hair Matrix
Hair color is Determined by Genes
Vellus hair ____ peach fuzz Soft fine hair, covers most of body
Terminal Hairs - Head Eyebrows and Eyelashes (Heavy Pigment)
Epedermis - Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Is Avascular - (without)
Hair growth cycle ____ grow and shed
Cutaneous Plexus - arteries in the skin form.
Sebaceous (oil glands) and Sweat Glands are Endocrine Glands
Eccrine Sweat Glands - Holocrine Glands - Sensible Perspiration (Watery Substance)
2 Types of Sweat Glands Apocrine ____ and Eccrine
Ceruminous Gland - Ear Wax
Apocrine Sweat Glands: produces - odorous secretions
Eccrine Sweat Glands, more numerous and produce watery secretions
Stratum Basale (Germinativum), Stratum Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum (thick skin only) and Stratum Corneum
Thin Skin covers most of body, most abundant
Papillary Layer - Aerolar Tissue, Blood Vessels, Lymph vessels, Sensory Nerves
Epidermis - Insensible Perspiration - Diffuses across Epidermis - Evaporates - 500ml daily, increases from burns
Mammory glands ____ Apocrine glands
Epidermis Eccrine Gland- Sensible Perspiration- Water from Sweat Glands
Nails Keratinized epidermal cells protect fingers ____ toes
Reticular Layer - Collagen - Elastic Fibers - Collagen Bundle Tension Lines
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) - Peptide Growth - Produce Salivary Glands and Duodenum
Functions - Division of Basal Cells, Accels Keratin, Epidural Repair, Granular Secretions
Hair division occurs in ____ shaft
Contusions - broken blood vessels
2 types of Exocrine glands: Eccrine and Sweat glands
Hair has - Medulla (Core of soft Keratin, Cortex (Hard Keratin), Cuticle (Superficial Layer of dead cells that protect)
Two Ways of Water loss Sensible Perspiration , Insensible Perspiration.
Sensible Perspiration 500ml per day.
The darker the skin ______ more Melanin the Melanocytes produce
Skin Tone - Melatin (Brown) & Carotine (Orange, Found in orange Veggies, Deep Dermis, Converts to Vit A)
Dermal Blood Supply - Cutaneous Plexus - Deep network of Arteries - Reticular Layer
Subpapillary Plexus - Small arteries, Capillaries - Contusions (bruises) - broken blood vessels
Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis) - Deep to dermis, connects to Reticular Layer, Stabilizes Skin, Primarily Adipose,
Large arteries and veins - Site for Subcu injections (Hypodermic Needles)
Melanin - Red yellow - Brown Black, Produce Melanocytes, Stored in Melanosomes, Darker more numerous
Protects from UV, small amts ok, but too much can damage DNA, cause cancer
Blood Flow, Oxygen influence skin color, Blood Vessels Dilate from heat (reddens skin) - Constrict from cold (Pales skin)
Hemoglobin Dark Red Less O2 (Released), Cyanosis (Blue skin) Extreme cold, heart failure or severe asthma.
Illness - Jaundice - Bile Build up (Yellow), Pituitary Tumor - Excessive (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone MSH)
Addison’s Disease - Excessive Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Vitiligo - Loss of Melanocytes (Blanching of skin)
Epidermal Produce D3, Also produced in Liver and Kidneys, lack of D3 - Rickets
D3 essential for adsorption of Calcium and phosphate
Accessory Structures of the Skin - Hair, Sebaceous and Sweat Glands, and Nails
Derived from Embryonic Epidermis, Located in Dermis, Projects to skin surface.
Hair, covers most of body (except palms of hands, sides of fingers - toes - soles lips portions of external genitalia
Hair function - protect insulate, guard openings from particles and insects, receptory sensors
Hair Follicles - Deep into Dermis, Non-Living, Wrapped Dense connective tissue, Base Surrounded by nerves (Root Hair Plexus)
Arrector Pili - Smooth Involuntary Muscle, causes hair to stand up, Goose Bumps
Hair production - Begins at Hair Bulb @ base, Surrounds Hair Papilla (Connective tissue - Capillaries & Nerves)
Hair Bulb - Epithelial Cells Called “Hair Matrix”
Subcutaneous Layer - Connects Dermis to underlying tissue
Cutaneous Plexus - Where arteries in the skin form. Subpapillary Plexus - Blood and Nerves and Gland Cells
Nails- Made of Keratin, Protects Fingers and Toes, Nail body covers bed, Root production, Free Edge
Darker the Skin, Higher the Melanin Melanocytes Produce.
Keratin - Fiberous Protein for strength and water resistance.
Epidermus Cell Division - Stratum Basale - 7 to 10 days
Sensible Perspiration - get rid of waste.
2 types of Exocrine Glands - Eccrine and Sweat
Mast Cell - Histomine
