Chapter 1 Intro to A&P Flashcards
Anatomy ____ The study of internal and external body structures
is
Physiology _____ The study of living organisms and their function
is
Gross Anatomy is The exam of large structures that can be seen by the _________ eye
naked
The four types ____ Gross Anatomy are Surface, Regional, Sectional and Systemic
of
The study of the body’s surface ____ Surface Anatomy
is
Regional Anatomy pertains to ___________ of the body
areas
Relationships of the body structures ____ Sectional Anatomy
is
Systemic Anatomy is the study of organs and _______ Systems
their
Surgical, Pathology, Radiological Anatomy ____ Clinical Anatomy
is
Developmental Anatomy is the Relationship between concept ____ adult hood
and
Microscopic Anatomy can not be seen by the ________ eye
naked
Histology is the Study of tissues, groups of cells or specialty ______
cells
Cellular, Organ, Systemic, Pathological are 4 Specialties of Physiology Functions
Cellular Physiology is the Study ____ Cell function
of
Organ Physiology is the study of specific ___________
organs
Systemic Physiology is the study ___ specific Organ Systems
of
Pathology is the study of disease and the effects
The Relationship between Anatomy and Physiology All specific functions are performed by specific structures
Difference between Gross and Microscopic Anatomy what can be seen by the ________ eye
Naked
The 6 Levels of Organization are Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ _________ and Organism
Systems
Chemical Level of Organization ____ Atoms create molecules
is
Cellular Level of Organization ____ the smallest living Unit
is
Tissue Level of Organization ___ a group of cells working together to form a function
is
Organ Level of Organization is 2 or ____ tissues working together for a function
more
Organ System Level of Organization ___ a group of organs working together for a function
is
Organism Level of Organization ____ a individual Life form
is
The 11 Organ Systems are Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Lymphatic, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive
How many Organ Systems
11
Integumentary Organ System is Skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails
Integumentary System function is to regulate body temp, provide sensory input and protect from the outer environment
Skeletal Organ System is Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments and Bone Marrow
Skeletal System Function stores calcium, forms blood cells and protects other tissues
Muscular Organ System is Skeletal muscles and tendons
Muscular System Function Provides movement, Protection, Support, creates heat, maint of body temp.
Nervous Organ System is the Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves and Sensory Organs
Nervous System Function is Sensory Response, provides activities and moderates organ systems
Endocrine Organ System is the Pituitary, Thyroid, pancreas, Adrenal glands and gonads
Endocrine System Function Directs function of other organ systems
Cardiovascular Organ System is the heart, blood Vessels and blood
Cardiovascular System Function provides nutrients, oxygen and expels waste and CO2.. and Controls Body Temp
Lymphatic Organ System is the Spleen, Thymus, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Vessels and Tonsils
Lymphatic System Function Defends against infection and Disease
Respiratory Organ System is the Lungs, nasal, Sinus, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi and Alveoli
Respiratory System Function is to Transfer air from Alveoli to blood oxygen and from blood to air carbon dioxide
Digestive Organ System is Teeth, Pharynx, Tongue, Stomach, Large and Small Intestines, Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas.
Digestive System Function is to process Food, absorb water, provide nutrients and stores energy
Urinary Organ System is the kidneys, Urinary bladder, Ureters and Urethra
Urinary System Function is Waste discharge, controls water and blood PH
Reproductive Male has Testes, Epididymides, Ductus Defermentia, Seminal Gland, Prostate Gland, Penis, Scrotum
Reproductive Female has Ovaries, Uterine tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Labia, Clitoris, Mammary Glands
Reproductive Male Function is to Deliver sperm
Reproductive Female Function is to create Female Sex Cells, Supports Embryos, Provides Milk
Pathology is the study of Disease
6 Levels of Organiszation are Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ Systems, Organism
The 11 Organ Systems are Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Endocrine, Lymphatic, Urinary, Digestive, Reproductive
Histology is the study of tissue structure and Function
Anatomical Landmarks Is Surface Anatomy
Anatomical Positions Are Anterior View and Posterior View
Anterior View is front of a subject, palms forward or supine
Posterior View is the Back of a subject, back of hands and prone
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic body Cavities
Thoracic Cavity is the Heart, lungs, lymphatic systems
portions of esophagus and thymus
Thoracic Cavity is divided into 2 Pleural Left and right cavities
A Mediastinum cavity is a Cavity between 2 principal portions of an organ
the Paricardial Cavity is a small thoracic chamber that is around the heart
Anatominopelvic Region extends from the Diaphragm to the Pelvis
Anatominopelvic Regions are Superior Abdominal Cavity and Inferior Pelvic Cavity
Peritoneal Cavity is Space lined by the Peritoneum
the Peritoneum lines the body wall
The Abdominal Cavity is the Area from the Inferior surface (bottom) of the Diaphragm to Superior margins of the Pelvis
Inferior Surface is Toward the feet
Superior Surface is Toward the head
The Pelvic Cavity is the Inferior Space to the Abdominal Cavity
Homeostasis is a Stable internal environment
Homeostatic Regulation is a Physiological adjustment to preserve Homeostasis in a limit or range
Homeostatic Regulations Autoregulation and Extrinsic Regulation
Autoregulation is a Process that occurs in response to some environmental change
Extrinsic Regulation is the Process that occurs from the Nervous or Endocrine Organ Systems
Receptor, Control Center, Effector are the 3 Parts of Homeostatic Regulation
Homeostatic Receptor is a Sensor to stimulus or environmental change
Homeostatic Control Center receives and processes input supplied by the receptor and sends out commands to the effector
Homeostatic Effector are Cells or a Organ that responds to the commands of the Control Center
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ are the Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric are the 3 Abdominopelvic Regions
Right Hypochondriac and the _______ Hypochondriac are the Epigastric Zones
Right Lumbar and the left Lumbar are the Umbilical Zones
The Right Inguinal and Left Inguinal are the Hypogastric Zones
Right Hypochondriac contains the liver
Left Hypochondriac Contains the Stomach and Spleen
Right Umbilical Lumbar Contains the Gall Bladder, Lg & Sm Intestines
Left Umbilical Lumbar Contains the Lg & Sm intestines
Right Inguinal Area Contains the Appendix
Left Inguinal Area Contains Urinary Bladder
Anterior - Front, Posterior - Back, Ventral - Belly
are Anatomical Directions
Lateral Direction is Away from the midline
Medial is Towards the Midline
Proximal Towards the point of attachment
Distal is Away from the point of attachment
A Sectional Plane is a 2 dimensional flat surface
Frontal (Coronal) Plane is a Vertical Plane that divides the anterior and posterior sections
Sagittal Plane divides the body Left and Right Portions
Midsagittal Plane Middle of the body
Traverse Plane Divides the Superior and Inferior portions (standing at feet looking towards head)
the Thoracic Cavity Protect delicate Organs and allows change in size
The Trunk Protects Organs and Allows change in Shape
The Diaphragm separates the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities
The Pleural Cavity is The lining around the lungs
Abdominopelvic Cavity Contains Deep Structures in the Abdomen and pelvis
Thoracic Cavity is Everything deep to the Thoracic Wall
Viscera is a delicate Serous lining of internal cavities
Visceral Pleura covers the organ
Parieta Pleura covers the Mediastinum
Peritoneum is the Serous Membrane that allows the digestive system to slide across each other
Kidneys, Pancreas are Retro Peritoneal Organs
Homeostasis of the Endocrine and Nervous System is Extrinsic Regulation
Negative Feedback in Homeostasis will Counteract to Change
Thermoregulation is Relationship Between Heat Loss and Heat Generation
Thermoregulation Set Point is 37 Degrees C or 98.6
Neg Feedback from the Control Center effects Muscle Tissue and Sweat Glands
Hypothalamus is the Control Center for temp regulation
Primary Mechanism of Homeostatic Regulation is Negative Feedback
Homeostasis State of Equilibrium is Opposing Process to maintain balance
Dynamic Equilibrium is adopting to constant change
Positive Feedback is Original Changes in Conditions
A Positive Feedback is Blood Clotting
What effects Positive Feedback,. Infection and disease
Equilibrium Opposing processes are in balance
Dynamic Equilibrium Is Physiological Systems adapting to change
Integumentary, Muscular, Cardiovascular and Nervous systems are Organ Systems that Control Body Temp
Digestive, Cardiovascular, Urinary and Skeletal Organ systems are Organ Systems that Control Body Fluid Composition
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Organ systems are Organ Systems that controls O2 and Dioxide levels
Lymphatic System is the Organ Systems that Controls the removal of Toxins & Pathogens
The Urinary and Digestive Systems are the Organ Systems that Control Body Fluid
Urinary, Digestive and Cardiovascular Systems are Organ Systems that Control Waste Concentration
Homeostasis Equilibrium when Opposing processes are in balance
Dynamic Equilibrium is systems adapting and adjusting to change in the environment
Failure of Dynamic Equilibrium will result in disease
Lymphatic system conducts removal of toxins and pathogens
