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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 2 Chemical Level of Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

The Atom is a Basic Particle ____ Matter

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2
Q

Atom has equal number of Protons ____ Electrons

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3
Q

Electrons Occupy ________ Electron Shell

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4
Q

Subatomic Particles _____ the smallest basic form

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5
Q

Atoms with Same Element that contain Diff number of neutrons _______ Isotopes

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6
Q

Mass _________ Total weight of Protons and Neutrons Electrons

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7
Q

Decay of a Radioisotope ________ Half Life

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8
Q

The Atomic Weight ____ Number of Protons & Neurons and Electrons

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9
Q

There ______ up to 8 Energy levels of Electrons

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10
Q

Outer Most Energy Level of a atom ______ the Valence Shell

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11
Q

Valance Unfilled has uneven # of electrons

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12
Q

A Valance is Filled with even number of electrons

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13
Q

Chemical Bond are Formed by Interactions

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14
Q

Non Active Chemical Properties are Inert

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15
Q

Inert Gases have filled Valences

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16
Q

Hydrogen and Lithium have Unfilled Valences

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17
Q

A Chemical Bond is formed by interactions

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18
Q

Molecular Weight is The sum of atomic weight of the component atoms

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19
Q

A group of Atoms with a Electrical Charge is a Ion

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20
Q

A Ionic Bond Created by a Electrical Attraction

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21
Q

Atoms that share Electrons with other Atoms a Covalent Bond

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22
Q

3 Chemical Bonds are Ionic, Covalent and Hydrogen

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23
Q

A Single Covalent Bond Shares 1 pair of Electrons

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24
Q

Double Covalent Bond Shares 2 pair of Electrons

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25
Q

Name a Double Covalent Bond, Carbon Dioxide

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26
Q

Triple Covalent Bonds does contain 2 Neutrons

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27
Q

79% of the Atmosphere is Molecular Nitrogen

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28
Q

H2O is a Covalent Bond

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29
Q

Non Polar Covalent Bond is Very strong

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30
Q

Non Polar Covalent Bond have Shared Electrons

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31
Q

A Non Polar Covalent Bond is lectrically Neutral

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32
Q

A Polar Covalent Bond has more neg charge than pos

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33
Q

Water is the Most Important Polar Molecule

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34
Q

Hydrogen is too weak to create Molecules

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35
Q

Hydrogen bond is the Most Important for life

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36
Q

Neg charge, more electrons than protons, stronger atom takes electrons from weaker atom

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37
Q

3 States of Matter are Liquid, Solid, and Gas

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38
Q

Liquid has a Constant Volume and has no set Shape

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39
Q

Solids keep their Volume and their Shape

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40
Q

Gas has no constant volume and no fixed Shape

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41
Q

Ionic and Covalent are Chemical Bonds

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Are

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42
Q

Ionic and Covalent Bonds Share Electrons

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43
Q

Liquid, Solid matter and Gas is a Hydrogen Bond

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44
Q

Hydrogen Bond are Polar Bonds

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45
Q

Polar atoms are stronger atoms

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46
Q

Water is Most Important Polar Molecule

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47
Q

Hydrogen Bond is most important to life. Are solid, liquid and gas polar bonds

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48
Q

hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules

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49
Q

Energy is Capacity to do work

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50
Q

Kinetic Energy is Energy of motion that can be transferred

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51
Q

Potential Energy is Stored Energy

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52
Q

Potential Energy is converted to Kinetic Energy

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53
Q

Metabolism is Reactants and products

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54
Q

Heat cannot be completely converted __ work

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55
Q

Cells do work to convert energy

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56
Q

Potential Energy converted to Kinetic Energy creates heat

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57
Q

four types of Chemical Reactions are Decomposition, Synthesis, Exchange and Reversible

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58
Q

Decomposition of water is (AB – A+B) Hydrolysis Reaction

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59
Q

Hydrolysis Reaction breaks down molecules by adding water.

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of

60
Q

Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules in the Cell

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61
Q

Catabolism is released energy to perform work for Growth, movement and Reproduction

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62
Q

A Synthesis Reaction is (A+B — AB) the opposite of a Decomposition Reaction

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63
Q

Synthesis Reaction combines smaller molecules into larger molecules (A+B — AB)

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64
Q

Dehydration Synthesis forms Complex Molecules Opposite of Hydrolysis (AH+BOH = AB+H20)

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65
Q

Exchange Reaction is reacting Molecules are shuffle around to Produce New Products

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66
Q

Reversible Reaction is chemical reaction that can go either way (AB—AB)

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67
Q

Molecular Formula (6 carbon, 12 hydorgen, 6 oxygen - C6H12O6

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68
Q

4 Types of Chemical Reaction are Decomposition, Synthesis, Exchange and Reversible

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69
Q

Enzymes catalyze to speed up a reaction

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70
Q

Activation Energy is the amount of energy to start a Reaction

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71
Q

Enzymes Promote Reactions by lowering the required Activation Energy

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72
Q

Enzymes only affect the rate of Reaction

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73
Q

Reversible Chemical Reaction can can go both ways

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74
Q

Synthesis Raction is opposite of Decomposition (A+B – AB)

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75
Q

Organic Compounds contain Carbon

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76
Q

Inorganic Compounds lack Carbon

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77
Q

Nutrients and Metabolites are classes of compounds

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78
Q

Activation Energy is the amount of energy needed to start a reaction

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79
Q

Water is over two thirds of your body weight

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80
Q

Water is a solvent with high heat capacity and acts as a lubricant

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81
Q

Water has Pos and Neg Charged ends

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82
Q

Hydrophilic molecules love water

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83
Q

Hydrophobic molecules fear water

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84
Q

Water is a solvent to solute or dissolve, make a solution

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85
Q

Hydrogen is the PH

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86
Q

Neutral PH is 7, equal amounts , 1:1

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87
Q

Acidic PH is below 7, PH 1:0

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88
Q

Alkaline PH is above 7

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89
Q

7.35 - 7.45 is the normal range of PH

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90
Q

Water is solvent, high heat capacity and is a lube, Neutral PH

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91
Q

Electrolytes, Inorganic Ions, do conduct Electricity

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92
Q

Denaturation Body Temp + PH will effect Enzymes Function

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93
Q

Buffers are Proteins to stabilize PH (antacid - neutralizes), weak acid to control PH

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94
Q

Monomers are a single unit, glucose and fructose

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95
Q

Carbohydrates are Organic molecules that contain Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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96
Q

Glucose is the most important Fuel for the body

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97
Q

Monosaccharides are source for immediate energy, Disaccharides are stored energy

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98
Q

Glucose is the most important fuel, ATP is Chem Molecule stores Energy. ADP is converted for Kinetic Energy

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99
Q

Saturated Fatty Acid is a Single Covalent Bond

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100
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid is a Double Covalent Bond, MonoSaturated - One DBL Bond, Ploy is more than one dbl bond

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101
Q

Hormones are Chemical Messengers that effect distant parts of the body

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102
Q

Fatty Acids are Hydrophilyic is loves water, contain Carbon, 02 and hydrogen

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103
Q

Triglycerides are a energy Source

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104
Q

Lipids are fatty acids with long carbon chains with Hydrogen

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105
Q

Fat around the Liver will Protect and cushion the Liver

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106
Q

Triglycerides is Glycerol + 3, Fatty Acid, Diglyceride - Gly + 2 FA, Mono is Gly + one

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107
Q

Amino Acids are the most abundant protein Organic Molecule

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108
Q

All Proteins contain Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon

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109
Q

Proteins Speed up Reaction, they Catalyze

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110
Q

Proteins are responsible for movement in muscle cells

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111
Q

Proteins bind substances to transport in the Blood

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112
Q

Protein protects against dangerous Changes in the body PH

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113
Q

Proteins can be enzymes to speed up chemical reaction

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114
Q

Proteins can be Hormones that influence organs and organ systems

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115
Q

Proteins are most abundant organic molecule

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116
Q

Protein have Primary, secondary, tertiary and quantirnary structures

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117
Q

Primary Structure is a polypeptide bond, Peptides Are Bonds

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118
Q

Secondary Structure is not a function. Hydrogen atoms

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119
Q

Tertiary Structure gives protein its Shape, First functional structure

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120
Q

Quaternary Structure is a interaction between polypeptide chains, Hemoglobin

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121
Q

Globular Proteins are Most enzymes, hormones and other molecules in the blood

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122
Q

Fibrous Proteins tough insoluble form of structure

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123
Q

Protein Percentage of the Body, 20%

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124
Q

Cofactor __is__ a Ion or Molecule that binds to a enzyme

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125
Q

Coenzymes are Non Protein and Non Organic Molecule

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126
Q

Enzymes work better in specific temps and PH values or levels

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127
Q

GlycoProtein is a combo of small Carbohydrates and Large Protein

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128
Q

Denaturation of Enzymes (temperature) and PH allows enzymes to work better

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129
Q

Dioxyribonucleic Acid is DNA

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130
Q

Ribonucleic Acid is RNA, types - mRNA (messenger, tRNA (transfer), and rRNA (ribosomial)

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RNA

131
Q

DNA and RNA control tells body how to make Proteins

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132
Q

DNA and RNA are Nitrogenous, Nucleotides Hydrogen bonds and Holds together

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133
Q

Proteins support Structure

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134
Q

Proteins are responsible for movement in cells

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135
Q

Proteins defend against dangerous changes in PH

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136
Q

Substrates bind to active enzymes and alter shape

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137
Q

ATP is high energy compounds used by cells

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138
Q

suffix “ase” means it’s an enzyme

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139
Q

Hydrogen bonds will make ATP

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140
Q

Nuceliotides are hydrogen bonds

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141
Q

Nucleic Acids RNA and DNA are long chains of nucleotides

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142
Q

Quaternary structure develops when polypeptides form larger molecules. Hemoglobin is Quaternary

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142
Q

Tertiary Structure is coiling and folding of a polypeptide

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143
Q

Acid - Proton Donor adds Hydrogen Ion, Base - Proton Acceptor - Removes Hydrogen Ions

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144
Q

Salt - Solute that Dissociates into Cations and Anions

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Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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