Quiz One Flashcards
Impact of technology on newspapers?
The internet provided users with more options to receive their news so newspaper businesses suffered.
IT
Information technology: any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and to support an organization’s information and information-processing needs
IS
Information system: collects, processes, stores, analyses, and disseminates info for a specific purpose
Informed User
person knowledgeable about IT and IS
Digital Transformation
business streaky that leverages IT to dramatically improve employee, customer, and business partner relationship: to support continuous improvement in business operations and processes and develop new business models
IT that drives digital transformation
big data, business analytics, social computing, mobile computing, IoT, agile systems development methods, cloud computing, and AI
Managing Information Resources
very complex, IS have enormous strategic value to organizations, IS very expensive to acquire, operate, and maintain
CIO
Chief Information Officer: highest-ranking IS manager; responsible for all strategic planning in the organization
IS director
manages all systems throughout the organization and the day-to-day operations of the entire IS organization
Information Center Manager
managers IS services, such as help decks, hot lines, training, and consulting
Applications development manager
coordinates and manages new systems development projects
Project manager
manages a particular new systems development project
Systems analyst
interfaces between users and programmers; determines information requirements and technical specifications for new applications
Operations manager
supervises the day-to-day operations of the dats and/or computer center
programming manager
coordinates all application programming efforts
social media manager
coordinates all social media development efforts and all social media monitoring and response efforts
Business analyst
focuses on designing solutions for business problems; interfaces closely with users to demonstrate how IT can be used innovatively
Systems programmer
creates the computer code for developing new systems software or maintaining existing systems software
Applications Programmer
creates the computer code for developing new applications or maintaining existing applications
emerging technologies manager
forecasts technology trends; evaluates and experiment with new technologies
network manager
coordinates and manages the organizations’s voice and data networks
database administrator
manages organizations’ database and oversees the use of database-management software
auditing or computer security manager
oversees the ethical and legal use of use of information systems
webmaster
manages the organization’s website
web designer
creates websites and pages
MIS
Management Information Systems: deals w/ planning for and the development, management, and use of IT to help people preform all the tasks related to information processing and management
Purpose of Information Systems
getting the right info to the right people, at the right time, in the right amount of time, and in the right format
Data Items
elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are stored, classified, and stored but not organized to convey any specific meaning (5.00, 1.266, 4.76)
Information
data organized so that it has meaning and value to recipient (a,c,d,a,b)
Knowledge
data/info that has been organized/processed to convey understanding, experience, and expertise to apply to current business problem
CBIS
computer-based information systems: uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended task
Components of IT
hardware, software, database, network, prodedures
BIS pillars
Business Intelligence Systems: Accounting IS, finance IS, production/operations management IS, marketing IS, Human Resources IS
Transaction processing systems
IT services, IT personnel, IT components
Application
computer program designed to support a specific task
Functional area information system
collection of application programs
Enterprise resource planning
correct back of communication among functional area IS -> common database
TPS
Transaction processing system: supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s basic business transactions
IOSs
Interorganizational Information Systems: connect two or more organizations
Supply Chain
flow of materials, info, $ and services from suppliers of raw materials
E-commerce systems
business-to-business electronic commerce
Knowledge workers
specialize in certain info
BA
Business analytics systems: computer-based support for complex, non routine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers
Expert Systems
try to duplicate the work of human experts
Major capabilities of IS
-provide high-speed/volume numerical computations
-provide fast, accurate communication/collaboration
-stores huge amount of data in small space, allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amount of info, interpret vast amounts of data quickly, automate Bothe semiautomatic business processes and manual task
Competitive advantage
ability to outperform its competitors in terms of core competency in same marketplace
Value creating strategy
what gives you the upper hand
-first mover: apple, uber, amazon
Palantir
Government collecting personal data
-developed to spy on suspected info
Cross-functional processes
Makes business more efficient
-no single functional area is responsible
Porter’s five forces model
1) rivalry among existing competitors
2) bargaining power of buyers: more power when more buyers
3) threat of new entrants: high when easy to enter market and low when there are barriers
4) threat of substitute products/services
5) bargaining power of suppliers: many suppliers bargaining power is low
Business pressures
market pressure: price competition
technology pressure: AI-everyone is hopping in
societal/political/legal pressures: ex. sustainability
disruptive technologies
something that questions an existing type of technology
-globalization: sharing of info across borders
-changing nature of workforce: more diverse (more women, poc)
Strategies for competitive advantage
cost leadership, differentiation, innovation, operational effectiveness, customer-orientation
BPI
business process improvement
BPR
business process reengineering
BPM
business process management
Business process
ongoing collection of related activities that create a product or service of value to the organization, business partners, customers
-inputs, outputs, resources
Customer satisfaction
result of optimizing/aligning business processes to fulfill customer’s needs, wants, and desires
cost reduction
result of optimizing operations/supplier processes
cycle/fulfillment time reduction
result of optimizing manufacturing/logistics processes
differentiation
result of optimizing the marketing/innovation processes
BPI 5 phases
define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC)
productivity
result of optimizing each individual’s work
BPM
system that includes methods and tools to support the design, analysis, implementation, management, and continuous optimization of core business processes throughout the organization
BAM
Business activity monitoring: real time approach for measuring and managing business processes
Business environment
combo of social, legal, economic, physical, and political factors in which businesses conduct their operations
customer intimacy
firms strive to learn as much as possible about the customers to better anticipate and address their needs
technology pressures
technological innovation and information overload
BYOD
bring your own device: IT lost ability to fully control and manage employee devices
Organizational social responsibility (individual social responsibility)
facilities design/management, carbon management, environmental laws
Digital divide
wide gap between those with access to info and communication and those who don’t
SIS
strategic information systems: provide competitive advantage by helping an organization to implement it strategic goals and improve its performance and productivity
Porter’s value chain model
sequence of activities through which the organization’ inputs, whatever they are, transformed into more valuable outputs
-indentifies points for which an organization can use information technology to achieve a competitive advantage
Primary activities
relate to production and distribution of the firm’s products and services
-ex. manufacturing companies: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing/sales
Support activities
do not add value directly to the firm’s products of services
-firms infrastructure, Human Resources management, product/technology
Strategies for competitive advantage
cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, innovation strategy, operational effectiveness strategy, customer orientation strategy
Business-IT alignment
tight integration of the IT function with the organization’s strategy, mission, and goals; that is, the IT function directly supports the business objectives of the organization
ethics
principles of right ad wrong that individual use to make right choices that guide their behavior
ethical framework
ultilitarian approach, the rights approach, fairness approach, common good approach, and deontology
utilitarian approach
ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm
rights approach
ethical action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights to make moral rights of the affected parties
fairness approach
posits that ethical actions treat all human being equally, or, if unequally, then fairly based on some defensible standard
common good approach
highlights interlocking relationships that underlie all societies
deontology approach
states that the morality oof an action is based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules rather based on the consequences of that action
five standards of ethics
recognize ethical issue, get the facts, evaluate alternative options, make decision/test it, act and reflect on the outcome of your decision
code of ethics
collection of principles intended to guide decision making by members of the organization
fundamental tenants of ethics
responsibility, accountability, and liability
issues of IT advancements
privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibility
Information privacy
right to determine when and to what extent info about you can be gathered or communicated to other
Privacy policies
organization’s guidelines for protecting the privacy of its customers, clients, and employers
opt-out and opt-in model
permits company to collect personal information until customer says no, opt-in vice versa
General data protection regulation (GDPR)
world’s strongest data laws, change how business’ manage customer information
