Info Systems Quiz 1 Flashcards
Information Technology
any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and to support an organization’s information and information-processing needs
Information System
collects. processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose
What is IT doing to our world?
Making it smaller and enabling more and more people to communicate, collaborate, and compete, thereby leveling the competitive playing field
What does MIT Technology Review say about our generation?
Homo Conexus, we practice continuous computing, surrounded by a movable information network
Informed User
person that is knowledgeable about information systems and IT; obtain greater value from whichever technologies user of IT
Digital Transformation
strategy that leverages IT to dramatically improve employee, customer, and business partner relationships; to support continuous improvement in business processes; and to develop new business models and businesses
What IT drive digital transformation?
big data, business analytics, social computing, mobile computing, the IoT, agile systems development methods, cloud computing, AI
Chief Information Officer
highest-ranking IS manager; responsible for all strategic planning in the organization
IS Director
manages all systems throughout the organization and the day-to-day operations of the entire IS organization
Information Center Manager
manages IS services, such as help desks, hot lines, training, and consulting
Applications development manager
coordinates and manages new systems development projects
Project manager
manages a particular new systems development project
Systems analyst
interfaces between users and programmers; determine information requirements and technical specifications for new applications
operations manager
supervises the day-to-day operations of the data and/or computer center
programming manager
coordinates all application programming efforts
social media manager
coordinates all social media development efforts and all social media monitoring and response efforts
business analyst
focuses on designing solutions for business problems; interfaces closely with users to demonstrate how IT can be used innovatively
systems programmer
creates the computer code for developing new systems software or maintaining existing systems software
applications programmer
creates the computer code for developing new applications or maintaining existing applications
emerging technologies manager
forecasts technology trends; evaluates and experiments with new technologies
network manager
coordinates and manages the organization’s voice and data networks
database administrator
manages the organization’s database and oversees the use of database-management software
auditing or computer security manager
oversees the ethical and legal use of information systems
webmaster
manages the organization’s website
web designer
creates websites and pages
end user computing
computers are located in all departments, and almost all employees use computers in their work
data items
refers to an elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning (A, B, M, F,G)
Information
data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to recipient (ex. GPA)
knowledge
data and/or information that have been organized and processes to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current business problem
computer-based information system
information system that uses computer technology to perform some of all of its intended task (CBIS)
Information technology components
hardware, software, database, procedures, and network
Information technology platform
hardware, software, networks, and databases
Information technology services
develop information systems, oversee security, and risk, and manage data
Information technology infrastructure
IT components plus IT services make up the organization’s
application
computer program designed to support a specific task or business process
functional area information system
collection of application programs in single department
enterprise resource planning systems (ERP)
two information systems that support entire organization, designed to correct lack of communication among the functional area Information Systems
transaction processing system
supports monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organizations basic business transactions, each of which generates data
inter organizational information systems (IOSs)
information systems that connect two or more organizations
supply chain
flow of materials, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw materials, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw material through factories and warehouse to the end customers
electronic commerce
systems enable organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business electronic commerce
knowledge workers
professional employee such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants. Create information and knowledge that they integrate into the business
Business analytics systems
provide computer-based support for complex, non routine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers
expert systems
attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain
Dashboards
special form of IS that support all managers of the organization
What does IT do to middle managers
reduces the number, makes managers more productive and increases number of employees who can report to a single manager
How does IT change manager’s jobs?
provides managers with near-real-time information, meaning that managers have less time to make decisions, making their jobs even more stressful
business process
ongoing collection of related activities that create a product or a service of value to the organizations, its business partners, and its customer
fundamental elements of business processes
inputs, resources, outputs
cross-functional processes
each functional area must execute its specific process steps in a coordinated, collaborative way
executing the process
IS helps organizations execute processes efficiently and effectively
monitoring process performance
third contribution of IS is to help monitor the state of the various business processes
business environment
combo of social, legal, economic, physical, and political factors in which businesses conduct their operations
globalization
integration and interdependence of economic, social, cultural, and ecological facets of life, made possible by rapid advances in information technology
market pressures
generated by global economy, intense competition, changing nature of the workforce: globalization, changing nature of the workforce, powerful customers
technology pressures
technological innovation and obsolescence, information overload
societal/political/legal pressures
social responsibility, compliance with government regulations, protection against terrorist attacks, ethical issues
digital divide
wide gap between those individuals who have access to information and communications technologies and those who do not
strategic systems
provide organizations with advantages that enable them to increase their market share and profits to better negotiate with suppliers and to prevent competitors from entering their markets
customer focus
organizational attempts to provide superb customer service can make the difference between attracting and retaining customers and losing them to competitors
make-to-order
strategy of producing customized products and services
competitive strategy
statement that identifies a business’s approach to compete, its goals, and the plans and policies that will be required to carry out those goals
strategic information systems
provide competitive advantage by helping an organization to implement its strategic goals and improve its performance and productivity
Competitive forces model
Michael Porter’s, identifies five major forces that can endanger or enhance a company’s position in a given industry
entry barrier
product of service feature that customers have learned to expect from organizations in a certain industry
value chain
sequence of activities through which the organization’s inputs, whatever they are, are transformed into more valuable outputs, whatever they are
primary activities
relate to the production and distribution of the firm’s products and services
support activités
contribute to the firm’s competitive advantage by supporting the primary activities
value system
includes suppliers that provide the inputs necessary to the firm along with their value chains
Business strategies
cost leadership strategy:produce at lowest cost, differentiation strategy: offer different products than competitors, innovation strategy:add new products/services, operational effectiveness strategy:improve manner of internal business processes, customer orientation strategy: concentrate on making customers happy
business-information technology alignment
tight integration of the IT function with the organization’s strategy, mission, and goals
utilitarian approach
ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm
rights approach
ethical action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of the affected parties
fairness approach
posits that ethical actions treat all human beings equally or, if unequally, then fairly, based on some defensible standard
common good approach
highlights the interlocking relationships that underlie all societies
deontology approach
morality of an action is based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules rather than based on the consequences of that action
code of ethics
collection of principles intended to guide decision making by member of the organization
fundamental tenants of ethics
responsibility, accountability, liability
ethical issues of IT
privacy issues, accuracy issues, property issues, accessibility issues
Two rules of privacy
- right of privacy is not absolute. privacy must be balanced against the needs of society
- public’s right to know supersedes the individuals right to privacy
digital dossier, profiling
electronic profile of you and your habits
privacy policies/codes
organizations guidelines for protecting the privacy of its customers. clients, and employees
opt-out model
informed consent permits the company to collect personal information until the customer specifically requests that the data not be collected
General Data Protection Regulation
world’s strongest data protection laws, covers both personal and sensitive personal data
