Info Systems Quiz 4 Flashcards
Electronic commerce
process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, or information through computer networks, including the internet
Electronic business
somewhat broader concept -> refers to servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and performing electronic transactions within an organization
Brick-and-mortar organizations
physical locations
Virtual organizations
companies only engaged in ec
clicks-and-mortar organizations
conduct some e-commerce activities, yet primary business is carried out in the physical world
B2C
Business-to-consumer electronic commerce: sellers are organizations, buyer are individuals
B2B
Business-to-business electronic commerce: both the sellers and the buyers are business organizations
C2C
consumer-to-consumer electronic commerce: individual sells products or services to other individuals
B2E
Business-to-employee: organization uses EC internally to provide information and services to its employees
E-government (G2C)
use of internet technology in general and e-commerce in particular to deliver information and public services to citizens
Auction
competitive buying and selling process in which prices are determined dynamically by competitive bidding
two types: forward and reverse
Forward auction
sellers solicit bids from many potential buyers
Reverse auctions
one buyer, usually an organizations, wants to purchase a product or a service
Electronic marketplace
central, virtual market space on the Web where many buyers and many sellers can conduct e-commerce and e-business activities
Electronic cards process
- Credit card info and purchase amount encrypted in browser
- info not opened, sent to clearinghouse where it is decrypted
- clearinghouse asks bank to verify info
- bank verifys info and reports it to clearinghouse
- clearinghouse reports result of verification to the seller
- seller reports a successful purchase and amount to you
- bank send funds in the amount of purchase to the seller
- bank notifies buyer on debit of credit card
- seller’s bank notifies seller of the funds creditied to its account
Purchasing card
equivalent of electronic credit cards ex. World
Electronic retailing
direct sale of products and services through electronic storefronts or electronic malls, usually designed around an electronic catalog format and auctions
Electronic storefront
is a website that represents a single store
Electronic mall
cybermall or e-mall, is a collection of individual shops grouped under a single Internet address
Disintermediation
whereby intermediaries are eliminated
intermediaries function: provide information and perform value-added services such as consulting
Sell-side marketplace
organizations sell their products or services to other organizations electronically from their own private e-marketplace website or from a third-party website
Procurement
overarching function that describes the activities and processes to acquire goods and services
Buy-side marketplace
organizations attempt to procure needed products or services from other organizations electronically
E-procurement
uses reverse auctions, particularly group purchasing
Group purchasing
multiple buyers combine their orders so that they constitute a large volume and therefore attract m ore seller attention
Public exchanges
or exchanges, independently owned by a third party, and they connect many sellers with many buyers
three types: vertical, horizontal, and functional
Vertical exchanges
connect buyers and sellers in a given industry
Horizontal exchanges
connect buyers and sellers across many industries
Functional exchanges
needed services such as temporary or help or extra office space are traded on an “as-needed” basis
On-premise computing
own IT infrastructure (their software, hardware, networks, and data management) and maintain it in their data centers
Characteristics of cloud computing
grid computing vs. utility computing
Grid computing
utilize resources morre efficiently, provides fault tolerance and redundancy, easy to scale up and down
Utility computing
utilizes broad network access, pools computing resources, virtualized servers
Characteristics of utility computing
uses broad network access, pools computing resources, often occurs on virtualized servers
Server farms
cloud computing providers have placed hundreds or thousands of networked servers inside massive data centers
Server virtualization
uses software-based partitions to create multiple virtual servers called virtual machines on a single physical server
Three types of cloud computing
public clouds, private clouds, and hybrid clouds
Public clouds
shared, easily accessible, multi-customer IT infrastructure that are available non exclusively to any entity in the general public
Private clouds
IT infrastructures that can be accessed only by a single entity or by an exclusive group of related entities that share the same purpose and requirement, such as all the business units within a single organization
Hybrid clouds
composed of public and private clouds that remain unique entities, but are nevertheless tightly integrated
Vertical clouds
possible to build cloud infrastructure and applications for different businesses, construction, finance, or insurance businesses
Infrastructure-as-a-service (Iaas)
offer remotely accessible servers, networks, and storage capacity. supply these resources on demand from their large resource pools, which are located in data centers
Platform-as-a-service (PaaS)
customers rent servers, operating systems, storage, a database etc. and network capacity over the internet
Software-as-a-service (SaaS)
Most widely used service model, and it provides a broad range of software applications. providers typically charge their customers a monthly or yearly subscription fee
Benefits of cloud computing
positive impact on employees: gives access to info no matter location
can save money
improve organizational flexibility and competitiveness
Concerns with cloud computing
legacy IT systems, reliability, privacy, security, regulatory and legal environment, criminal use
Evolution of modern infrastructure
- stand-alone mainframes
- mainframe and dumb terminals
- stand-alone personal computers
- local area networks
- enterprise computing
- cloud computing and mobile computing
