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Info Systems Quiz 1 > Info Systems Exam 2 > Flashcards

Info Systems Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Difficulties of Managing Data

A

increases exponentially w/ time. multiple sources of data. new sources of data, data rot, data security, and government regulation

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2
Q

data, information, and knowledge

A

raw, data w/ meaning, and apply information

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3
Q

internal sources, personal sources, and external sources of data

A

internal: company documents
personal: personal thoughts
external: commercial databases

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4
Q

Clickstream data

A

Data produced when a website is listed and hyperlinks are clicked

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5
Q

Data rot

A

refers to primarily to problems with the media on which the data is stored ex. physical problems

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6
Q

Data governance, master data management

A

DG: approach to managing information across an entire organization

MDM: “single version of the truth” for the company’s master data

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7
Q

Problems database systems minimize

A

Data redundancy: same data stored in multiple locations
Data isolation: Applications cannot access data associated with other applications
Data inconsistency: various copies of data do not agree

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8
Q

Things database systems maximize

A

data security: must have extremely high security measures in place
data integrity: data meet certain constraints
data independence: applications and data are independent of each other

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9
Q

Data hierarchy

A

bit (smallest unit of data), byte (group of eight bits)

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10
Q

DBMS

A

database management system: set of programs that provide users with tolls to create and manage a database

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11
Q

Relational database model

A

based on concept of two dimensional tables

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12
Q

Structured vs. unstructured data

A

structured: highly organized in fixed fields
unstructured: data that does not reside in a traditional relational database

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13
Q

Big data

A

collection of data that is so large and complex that it is difficult to manage using traditional database management systems

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14
Q

Characteristics of big data

A

volume: simply so much big data out there
velocity: rate at which data flow into an organization is rapidly increasing
variety: data formats change rapidly -> digital music files to web page content

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15
Q

Issues with big data

A

come from interested sources, dirty (inaccurate), subject to change

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16
Q

Big data in functional areas of the organization

A

Human Resources: analyzes health-insurance claim
Product development: capture customer preferences

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17
Q

Knowledge management

A

process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that comprises part of the organization’s memory

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18
Q

Explicit vs. tacit knowledge

A

explicit: consists of policies, reports, strategies
tacit: insights, expertise, trade skills

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19
Q

KMSs

A

knowledge management systems: use of internet etc. to expedite knowledge management both within one firm and among multiple firms

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20
Q

Benefits with KMSs

A

best practices readily available, improved customer service, more efficient product development

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21
Q

Challenges to KMSs

A

employees must share tacit knowledge, must continually be maintained/updated

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22
Q

electronic commerce vs. electronic business

A

commerce: process of buying, selling, information through computer networks
business: broader concept, performing electronic transactions within an organization

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23
Q

Brick-and-mortar organizations

A

physical location

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24
Q

Virtual organization

A

companies only engaged in EC

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25
Q

Clicks-and-mortar organizations

A

conduct both digital and physical activities

25
Q

Types of e-commerce

A

business-to-consumer (B2C): seller: organization buyer: individual
business-to-business (B2B): businesses are both buyers and sellers
consumer-to-consumer (C2C): individual sells products/services to another individual
business-to-employee: organization uses EC internally to provide information and services to its employees
e-government: use of internet technology to deliver information and public services to citizens

26
Q

Electronic marketplace

A

central, virtual market space on the Web where many buyers and many sellers can conduct e-commerce and e-business activities

27
Q

Review Electronic Card on P.560

A
28
Q

Electronic retailing

A

direct sale of products and services through electronic storefronts or electronic malls

29
Q

Electronic storefront vs. madd

A

storefront: represents a single store
mall: collection of individual shops grouped under a single Internet address

30
Q

sell-side vs. buy-side marketplace

A

sell: organizations sell their products or services to other organizations electronically
buy: organizations attempt to procure needed product/services from other organizations electronically

31
Q

Three types of public exchanges

A

Vertical: connect buyer and sellers in a given industry
horizontal: connect buyers and sellers across many industries
functional: needed services such as temporary help of extra office space are traded on an “as-needed” basis

32
Q

Customer relationship management

A

customer-focused and customer-driven organizational strategy

33
Q

Types of CRM

A

operational CRM: sales, marketing, customer service/support, campaign management

customer-touching applications: search/comparison, customized products, technical information, FAQ

analytical CRM: provide business intelligence (decision support, data mining)

34
Q

Collaborative CRM systems

A

provide effective and efficient interactive communication with the customer throughout the entire organization

35
Q

Operational CRM systems

A

support front-office business processes (sales, marketing, and service)

36
Q

customer-facing CRM applications

A

an organization’s sales, field service, and customer interaction center representatives interact directly with customer

37
Q

Customer-touching applications

A

technologies that allow a customer to deal with a company representative and use these technologies to interact directly with the applications

38
Q

Analytical CRM systems

A

provide business intelligence by analyzing customer behavior and perceptions

39
Q

Supply chain

A

flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers

40
Q

Three flows of supply chain

A

upstream (vendors): where sourcing/procurement from external supplier occurs

internal: packaging, assembly, or manufacturing takes place

downstream (customer): where distribution takes place, frequently by external distributors

41
Q

Push model supply chain

A

make-to-stock, production prices beings with a forecast -> often incorrect

42
Q

Pull model supply chain

A

make-to-order, production process begins with a customer order

43
Q

Problems along the supply chain

A
  1. uncertainties -> demand forecast
  2. need to coordinate multiple activities, internal units, and business partners
44
Q

IT components

A

hardware, software, networks, and databases

45
Q

Evolution of modern infrastructure

A

stand-alone mainframes, mainframe/dumb terminals, stand-alone personal computers, local area networks, enterprise computing, cloud computing/mobile computing

46
Q

Cloud computing characteristics

A

grid computing: pools various hardware/software components to create a single IT environment with shared resources (provide fault to tolerance/redundancy, easy to scale up/down)

utility computing: service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to a customer as needed (charge customer for specific usage)

47
Q

Different types of clouds

A

public clouds: shared, easily accessible, available to general public

private clouds: accessed only by a single entity or by an exclusive group of related entities

hybrid clouds: composed of public and private clouds that remain unique entities, but nevertheless tightly integrated

vertical clouds: retail, telecom, accounting

48
Q

IaaS

A

infrastructure as a service:offer remotely accessible servers, networks, and storage resource pools

49
Q

PaaS

A

platform as a service: customers rent servers, operating systems, storage, a database and network capacity over the internet

50
Q

SaaS

A

cloud computing vendors provide software that is specific to their customers’ requirements

51
Q

Benefits of cloud computing

A

positive impact on employees, save money, improve organizational flexibility/competitiveness

52
Q

Concerns/risks of cloud computing

A

legacy IT systems, reliability, privacy, security, regulatory/legal environment, criminal use

53
Q

Technological advancement that led to advancements in AI

A

advancements in chip technology, big data, internet and cloud computing, improved algorithms

54
Q

Four stages of AI

A
  1. recommendation systems
  2. analyze data
  3. additional data from sensors
  4. combine all of the above
55
Q

expert systems

A

computer systems that attempt to mimic human experts by applying expertise in a specific domain

56
Q

Machine learning

A

ability to accurately perform new, unseen tasks, built on known properties earned from training or historical data that are labeled

57
Q

Deep learning

A

subset of machine learning in which the system discovers new patterns without being exposed to labeled historical or training data

58
Q

Neural networks

A

set of virtual neurons or CPUs that work in parallel in an attempt to simulate the way the human brain works

59
Q

Computer vision

A

ability of information systems to identify objects, scenes, and activities in images

60
Q

Natural language processing

A

refers to the ability of information systems to work with text the way that humans do

61
Q
A

Info Systems Quiz 1 (20 decks)

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