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Info Systems Quiz 1 > Info Systems Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Info Systems Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Database

A

collection of related data files or tables that contain data

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2
Q

What makes databases unique?

A

database decisions are much harder to undo, contains what an organization can do with its data for a long time

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3
Q

data warehouses

A

data stored in databases must be accessible in a form that helps users to make decisions

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4
Q

Difficulties of managing data

A

-data increases exponentially with time
-multiple sources of data
-new sources of data
-data rot, or data degradation
-data security, quality, and integrity
-government regulation

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5
Q

internal, personal ,and external sources

A

internal: corporate databases and company documents
personal: personal thoughts, opinions, and experiences
external: commercial databases, government reports, corporate websites, clickstream data

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6
Q

clickstream data

A

data that visitors and customers produce when they visit a website and click on hyperlinks

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7
Q

Data rot

A

problems with the media on which the data is stored (ex. cds -> no player, physically damaged)

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8
Q

data governance

A

approach to managing information across an entire organization

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9
Q

master data management

A

process that spans all of an organization’s business processes and applications. allows companies with the ability to store, maintain, exchange, and synchronize a consistent, accurate, and timely “single version of the truth”

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10
Q

master data

A

set of core data, such as a customer, product, employee, vendor, and geographic data that spans the enterprise’s information systems

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11
Q

transactional data

A

generated and captured by operational systems, describe the business’s activities, or transactions

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12
Q

data file

A

collection of logically related records

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13
Q

Problems database systems minimize

A

redundancy, isolation, inconsistency

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14
Q

Data redundancy

A

same data are stored in multiple locations

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15
Q

Data isolation

A

applications cannot access data associated with other applications

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16
Q

Data inconsistency

A

various copies of the data associated with other applications

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17
Q

Problems database systems maximize

A

security, integrity, and independence

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18
Q

Data security

A

risk of losing a lot of data at one time so must have extremely high security measures in place to minimize mistakes

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19
Q

Data integrity

A

data meet certain constraints

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20
Q

Bit

A

represents the smallest unit of data a computer can process

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21
Q

Byte

A

group of eight bits, represents a single character

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22
Q

Field and record

A

field: logical grouping of characters into a. word, a small group of words, or an identification number
record: local grouping of related fields, such as the student’s name, the courses taken, the data, and the grade

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23
Q

Database management system (DBMS)

A

set of programs that provide users with tools to create and manage a database

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24
Q

Relational database model

A

based on the concept of two dimensional tables

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25
Q

data model, entity, instance, and attribute

A

data model: diagram that represents entities in the database and their relationships
entity: person, place, thing, or event about which an organization maintains information
instance: entity refers to each row in a relational table, which is a specific, unique representation of the entity
attribute: characteristic or quality of a particular

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26
Q

Primary key vs. secondary key vs. foreign key

A

primary: every record in the database must contain at least one field that uniquely identifies that record so that it can be retrieved, updated, and sorted

secondary: another field that has some identifying information but typically does not identify the record with complete accuracy

foreign: field in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table - used to establish/enforce link between two tables

27
Q

structured and unstructured data

A

structured: highly organized in fixed fields in a data repository such as a relational database, must be defined in terms of field name and type

unstructured data: does not reside in a traditional relational database ex. e-mail, videos, photos

28
Q

Big data

A

superabundance of data available today, collection of data that is is large and complex that it is difficult to manage using traditional database management systems

29
Q

Big data characteristics

A

-exhibit variety
-include structured, unstructured, and semistructured data
-generated at high velocity with an uncertain pattern
-do not fit neatly into traditional, structured, relational databases
-can be captured, processed, transformed, and analyzed in a reasonable amount of time only by sophisticated information systems

30
Q

Three distinct characteristics of big data

A

volume: simply just so much data
velocity: rate at which data flow into an organization is rapidly increasing
variety: traditional data formats tend to be structured and relatively well described, they change slowly

31
Q

Issues with big data

A

-can come from untrusted sources
-big data is dirty (misspelled, inaccurate)
-big data changes, especially in data streams

32
Q

What systems processes big data?

A

NoSQL - “not only SQL” (structured query language)

can manipulate structured and unstructured data as well as inconsistent or missing data

33
Q

Putting big data to use

A

making big data available, enabling organizations to conduct experiments, micro segmentation of customers, creating new business models, organizations can analyze more data

34
Q

knowledge management

A

process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that comprises part of the organization’s memory, usually in an unstructured format

35
Q

Knowledge

A

information that is contextual, relevant, and useful aka intellectual capital

36
Q

explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge

A

explicit: more objective, rational, and technical knowledge
tacit: cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning

37
Q

Knowledge management systems (KMSs)

A

use of modern information technologies to systematize, enhance, and expedite knowledge management both within one firm and among multiple firms

38
Q

Customer relationship management

A

customer-focused and customer-driven organizational strategy, customer-centric way of thinking and acting

treat different customers differently because their needs differ and their value to the company may also differ

39
Q

CRM strategy vs. CRM systems

A

CRM systems are information systems designed to support an organization’s CRM strategy

40
Q

Customer touch points

A

numerous and diverse interactions organizations have with their customers

41
Q

Omni-channel marketing

A

refers to an approach to customers that creates a seamless experience regardless of the channel used to “touch” the business

42
Q

Collaborative CRM systems and customer identity management

A

Collaborative: provide effective and efficient interactive communication with the customer throughout the entire organization, integrate communications between the organization and its customers

customer: large businesses need to understand who their customers are across the business and how their relationship has changed over time

43
Q

Operational CRM systems

A

support front-office business processes (sales, marketing, service)

44
Q

Customer-facing CRM applications

A

organization’s sales, field service, and customer interaction center representatives interact directly with customers (ex. support, market, campaign management)

45
Q

Customer-touching CRM applications

A

use technology to interact directly with the applications themselves

46
Q

Analytical CRM systems

A

provide business intelligence by analyzing customer behavior and perceptions

provide information concerning customer requests and transactions

47
Q

Supply chain

A

flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers

48
Q

Supply chain visibility

A

refers to the ability of all organizations within a supply chain to access or view relevant data on purchased materials as these materials move through their suppliers’ production processes and transportation networks to their receiving docks

49
Q

Three segments of supply chain

A

Upstream: where sourcing or procurement from external suppliers occurs (orders, information, payments, and returns)

internal: where packaging, assembly, or manufacturing takes place

downstream: where distribution takes place, frequently by external distributors (products, services, and information)

50
Q

function of supply chain management

A

improve the processes a company uses to acquire the raw materials it needs to produce a product or service then deliver that product or service to its customers

51
Q

Five basic components of SCM

A

plan, source, make, deliver, return

52
Q

Interorganziational information system

A

information flows among two or more organizations

-reduce costs of routine business transactions
-improve the quality of information flow by reducing or eliminating errors
-compress the cycle time involved in fulfilling business transactions
-eliminate paper processing and its associated inefficiencies and costs
-make transfer and processing of information easier for users

53
Q

SCM push model

A

known as make-to-stock, production process begins with a forecast, which is simply an educated guess as to customer demand -> often incorrect

54
Q

SCM pull model

A

make-to-order, production process begins with a customer order

55
Q

Problems along supply chain

A

primarily from two sources: uncertainties and the need to coordinate multiple activities, internal units, and business partners

56
Q

Bullwhip effect

A

erratic shifts in orders up and down the supply chain

57
Q

Solutions to supply chain problems

A

using inventories to solve supply chain problems and information sharing

58
Q

Vertical integration

A

business strategy in which a company purchases its upstream suppliers to ensure that its essential supplies are available as soon as the company needs them

59
Q

Just-in-time

A

deliver the precise number of parts, called work-in-process inventory, to be assembled into a finished product at precisely the right time

60
Q

Vendor-managed inventory (VMI)

A

occurs when the supplier, rather than the retailer, manages the entire inventory process for a particular product or group of products

61
Q

Three flows of supply chain

A

material flows: physical products, raw materials, supplies
information flows: data related to demand shipments, orders, returns, schedules
financial flows: money transfers, payments, credit card information/authorization

62
Q

data hierarchy

A

bit, byte, field, data file/table, database

62
Q

smallest and largest name for data

A

smallest: kilobyte
largest: yottabyte

Info Systems Quiz 1 (19 decks)

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