Quiz III Flashcards
Static stretching involves positioning the joints so that muscles and connective tissues are stretched and held for:
Select one:
a.
10-15 seconds
b.
3-5 seconds
c.
15-30 seconds
d.
5-10 seconds
15-30 seconds
Range of motion exercises can accelerate postoperative recovery.
Select one:
True
False
True’.
The range of motion protocol for most conditions consists of:
Select one:
a.
20-30 repetitions, 1-2 times per day
b.
5-10 repetitions, 4-6 times per day
c.
15-20 repetitions, 2-4 times per day
d.
10-20 repetitions, once per day
15-20 repetitions, 2-4 times per day
When is passive range of motion indicated?
Select one or more:
a.
In the subacute and chronic stage if there is not full range of motion and stretching is needed
b.
When there is an inflammatory reaction present in a joint and active movement is painful
c.
When there is an inflammatory reaction present in a joint
d.
Whenever there is pain associated with movement
When there is an inflammatory reaction present in a joint and active movement is painful
In the subacute and chronic stage if there is not full range of motion and stretching is needed
Passive range of motion is a valuable tool in preventing muscle atrophy.
Select one:
True
False
‘False’.
Not all tissues respond to stretching in the same way, so you must consider which tissues limit mobility before doing stretching exercises.
Select one:
True
False
True’.
Which of the following contribute to decreased proprioception? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Increasing range of motion
b.
Osteoarthritis
c.
Damaged or decreasing number of mechanoreceptors
d.
Increasing age
Increasing age
Osteoarthritis
Damaged or decreasing number of mechanoreceptors
Because fatigue reduces proprioception, a warm-up period before exercise is not recommended.
Select one:
True
False
False’.
Therapeutic exercises immediately following cryotherapy or periods of joint cooling is not recommended due to increased joint stiffness and decreased proprioception.
Select one:
True
False
True
Which of the following can be beneficial in developing a treatment protocol to increase proprioception? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Cavaletti rails
b.
Assisted treadmill walking
c.
Aquatic Therapy
d.
Weave poles
e.
Uneven, unsteady surfaces
Aquatic Therapy Cavaletti rails Weave poles Uneven, unsteady surfaces Assisted treadmill walking
Taking girth measurements is highly variable even among trained individuals. As a result, the only way to collect reliable girth data is for the same individual to always take the measurements.
Select one:
True
False
False’.
Measuring which outcome is usually most important to dog owners?
Select one:
a.
Gait patterns
b.
Return to function
c.
Muscle girth
d.
Joint range of motion
Return to function
Range of motion measurements with a goniometer can provide which of the following benefits? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Diagnosing joint disease
b.
Assessing the response to therapy
c.
Selecting appropriate therapy
d.
Monitoring the progression of a disease
Diagnosing joint disease Monitoring the progression of a disease Assessing the response to therapy Selecting appropriate therapy Correct
Normal forces on the rear limbs are greatest during:
Select one:
a.
Trot
b.
Stance
c.
Walk
Trot
Which of the following is most beneficial in detecting changes in joint angles and stride length within an individual?
Select one:
a.
Standardized Lameness Score
b.
Kinematic Gait Analysis
c.
Girthometers
d.
Force Plate Gait Analysis
Kinematic Gait Analysis
Force plate analysis of gait can compare lameness over a period of time with certainty.
Select one:
True
False
‘True
Why is it important to measure and assess progress during therapy? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Provides documentation for the owner to justify treatment
b.
Monitoring progress can lead to improving or changing protocols
c.
Provides an accurate case history for the veterinary team to reference
Monitoring progress can lead to improving or changing protocols
Provides documentation for the owner to justify treatment
Provides an accurate case history for the veterinary team to reference
Correct
The goal for most dogs doing aquatic therapy is to work up to how long?
Select one:
a.
2-3 minutes
b.
5-7 minutes
c.
10-20 minutes
d.
1-2 hours
10-20 minutes
Swimming a dog to fatigue is the quickest and most effective way to achieve therapeutic goals.
Select one:
True
False
‘False’.
In order to maximize hip and stifle flexion, how much water should be used in the underwater treadmill?
Select one:
a.
Do not use water
b.
Fill water to the stifle
c.
Fill water to the hip
d.
Fill water to the hock
Fill water to the stifle
Where can aquatic exercise be performed? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Underwater Treadmill
b.
Whirlpool
c.
Lake
d.
Pool
Pool
Whirlpool
Underwater Treadmill
Lake
Submerging a dog so that the level of the water barely touches the chest will reduce the dog’s weight by:
Select one:
a.
15%
b.
38%
c.
8%
d.
65%
15%
Aquatic therapy would be indicated for which of the following? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Neurological impairment
b.
Osteoarthritis
c.
Muscle weakness
d.
Chronic soft tissue injuries
e.
Cardiac dysfunction
Chronic soft tissue injuries
Osteoarthritis
Muscle weakness
Neurological impairment
Which of the following are contraindications for aquatic therapy? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Decreased thermal sensation
b.
Surface infections
c.
Postoperative fractures
d.
Severe peripheral vascular disease
e.
Respiratory dysfunctions
Respiratory dysfunctions Decreased thermal sensation Surface infections Severe peripheral vascular disease Correct
Water has many unique features. Match the features below with their corresponding definition.
Water has a high specific heat and thermal conductivity, therefore water is able to heat or cool the body rapidly. Answer 1
Thermal Effects
This is caused by a body moving through water and it creates greater resistance to movement Answer 2
Turbulence
Contributes to the resistance encountered while moving through water because force is required to separate the molecules Answer 3
Cohesion
Pressure exerted by water on the body. Answer 4
Hydrostatic Pressure
Upward thrust of water acting on body that creates an apparent decrease in body weight while submersed. Answer 5
The correct answer is: Water has a high specific heat and thermal conductivity, therefore water is able to heat or cool the body rapidly. → Thermal Effects, This is caused by a body moving through water and it creates greater resistance to movement → Turbulence, Contributes to the resistance encountered while moving through water because force is required to separate the molecules → Cohesion, Pressure exerted by water on the body. → Hydrostatic Pressure, Upward thrust of water acting on body that creates an apparent decrease in body weight while submersed. → Buoyancy
Which of the following are contraindications for aquatic therapy? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Decreased thermal sensation
b.
Surface infections
c.
Postoperative fractures
d.
Severe peripheral vascular disease
e.
Respiratory dysfunctions
Respiratory dysfunctions Decreased thermal sensation Surface infections Severe peripheral vascular disease Correct
Which exercise would be most appropriate for improving power in the rear limbs?
Select one:
a.
Walking on decline ramps and slopes
b.
Swimming
c.
Slow walks
d.
Stair climbing
Stair climbing
Slow walks for post-operative patients should be performed at a speed that encourages weight-bearing.
Select one:
True
False
True’.
Dancing exercises should only be done going in a forward direction because injuries are common when they are done going in a backward direction.
Select one:
True
False
False’.
Which of the following are guidelines to consider when incorporating therapeutic exercise? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Vary the routine
b.
When given the option, choose non-voluntary activities over voluntary activities
c.
Try a number of different activities to find what works best for the patient
d.
Allow the patient to guide the increase in activity
Vary the routine
Try a number of different activities to find what works best for the patient
Allow the patient to guide the increase in activity
Which of the following is particularly useful in helping dogs lengthen their stride?
Select one:
a.
Wheelbarrowing
b.
Cavaletti rails
c.
Jogging
d.
Dancing
Cavaletti rails
Identify the following end feels.
No end point is reached because the patient complains of severe pain before resistance is reached. Answer 1
Empty
Motion is stopped by compression of soft tissues. Answer 2 Tissue Approximation (Soft)
Abnormal, abrupt halt to the movement. Answer 3
Bone to Bone (Hard)
A feeling of firm but slightly yielding stop. Answer 4
Capsular
A rebound is felt at the limit of motion
No end point is reached because the patient complains of severe pain before resistance is reached. → Empty, Motion is stopped by compression of soft tissues. → Tissue Approximation (Soft), Abnormal, abrupt halt to the movement. → Bone to Bone (Hard), A feeling of firm but slightly yielding stop. → Capsular, A rebound is felt at the limit of motion → Springy Block
Which of the following guidelines are appropriate for joint mobilization?
Select one or more:
a.
Mild to moderate levels of pain should be expected
b.
The dog should be relaxed
c.
The therapist should be comfortable
d.
The joint needs to be readily accessible
The dog should be relaxed
The therapist should be comfortable
The joint needs to be readily accessible
Identify the following:
Movement taken to end range and small oscillations are applied. Useful in increasing range of motion. Answer 1
A small movement. There is a small “bounding” motion applied. Good treatment with a very painful joint. Answer 2
Movement is applied to mid range then almost back to resting before another larger amplitude is applied. Provides both a neuromodulatory effect and vascular effect. Answer 3
Large movement in which the mobilization is taken to the end range and then brought back to mid range.
Movement taken to end range and small oscillations are applied. Useful in increasing range of motion. → Grade IV Mobilization, A small movement. There is a small “bounding” motion applied. Good treatment with a very painful joint. → Grade I Mobilization, Movement is applied to mid range then almost back to resting before another larger amplitude is applied. Provides both a neuromodulatory effect and vascular effect. → Grade II Mobilization, Large movement in which the mobilization is taken to the end range and then brought back to mid range. → Grade III Mobilization
When a concave joint surface moves on a convex surface, how does the gliding occur?
Select one:
a.
The gliding occurs in the opposite direction as the shaft of the bone moves
b.
A concave joint surface cannot move on a convex surface
c.
The gliding occurs in the same direction as the shaft of the bone moves
The gliding occurs in the same direction as the shaft of the bone moves
When a convex joint surface moves on a concave surface, how does the gliding occur?
Select one:
a.
A convex joint surface cannot move on a concave surface
b.
The gliding occurs in the opposite direction as the shaft of the bone moves
c.
The gliding occurs in the same direction as the shaft of the bone moves
The gliding occurs in the opposite direction as the shaft of the bone moves
Trotting has what kind of change on joint excursion angles compared to walking?
Select one:
a.
Decreases joint excursions by 10°
b.
Increases joint excursions by 10°
c.
Decreases joint excursions by 5°
d.
Increases joint excursions by 5°
Increases joint excursions by 5°
When is hock flexion greater?
Select one:
a.
When the stifle is flexed
b.
When the stifle is extended
When the stifle is flexed
Rehabilitation following cranial cruciate injury and surgical repair should focus on which of the following?
Select one:
a.
Strength recovery of tensor fasciae latae
b.
Strength recovery of femoral biceps
c.
Strength recovery of psoas
d.
Strength recovery of quadriceps
Strength recovery of quadriceps
Placing a weight distally on a limb decreases the moment arm length and increases the force to move the limb.
Select one:
True
False
‘False’.
Understanding joint surfaces helps to determine the possible joint motions based on articular surface shape.
Select one:
True
False
True’.
Muscle velocity is proportional to: (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Fiber cross-sectional area
b.
Fiber length
c.
Number of sarcomeres in series
d.
Total cross-sectional area of sarcomeres
Number of sarcomeres in series
Fiber length
What class of lever is elbow flexion? Select one:
a.
Class III
b.
Class I
c.
Class II
Class III
At what length do muscles generate the most amount of tension?
Select one:
a.
Very long lengths
b.
Intermediate lengths
c.
Very short lengths
Intermediate lengths
Which of the following would be most beneficial if you want to maximize extension and total range of motion for the coxofemoral joint?
Select one:
a.
Decline walking
b.
Flat surface walking
c.
Incline walking
d.
Stair ascent
Stair ascent
Which of the following would be most beneficial if you want to maximize the total range of motion for the shoulder joint?
Select one:
a.
Stair ascent
b.
Flat surface trotting
c.
Flat surface walking
d. Incline walking (ramp)
Incline walking (ramp)
The shoulder has decreased range of motion and flexion while stepping over rails.
Select one:
True
False
‘True’.
Treadmills can be advantageous for rehabilitation and monitoring progression because the kinematic characteristics of gait on treadmills are comparable to walking over the ground.
Select one:
True
False
True’.
Which of the following has the least amount of hip and hock total range of motion?
Select one:
a.
Decline walking
b.
Forward dancing
c.
Flat surface trotting
d.
Flat surface walking
Forward dancing
Sit to stand exercise has a total range of motion for the hock and stifle which is:
Select one:
a.
Same as walking
b.
Greater than walking
c.
Less than walking
Greater than walking
Greater joint extension and flexion occur in the pelvic limb during:
Select one:
a.
Stair descent
b.
Decline walking
Stair descent
Which or the following cardiovascular changes increase with exercise? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Heart rate
b.
Oxygen extraction
c.
Cardiac output
d.
Muscle blood flow
Cardiac output
Muscle blood flow
Heart rate
Oxygen extraction
Match the following:
Incorporates a specific exercise into a type of sporting event or activity. Answer 1
Involves performing physical exercise that prepares muscle for a specific task. Answer 2
Exercising a system to a level beyond that which it is accustomed. Answer 3
Training, conditioning, overloading
The correct answer is: Incorporates a specific exercise into a type of sporting event or activity. → Training, Involves performing physical exercise that prepares muscle for a specific task. → Conditioning, Exercising a system to a level beyond that which it is accustomed. → Overloading
Which diet increases the stamina of exercising dogs?
Select one:
a.
Low fat, high carbohydrate
b.
High fat, high carbohydrate
c.
Moderate fat, moderate carbohydrate
d.
High fat, low carbohydrate
High fat, low carbohydrate
When exercising a healthy dog there is a low likelihood of respiratory fatigue.
Select one:
True
False
‘True’.
Which of the following exercises are appropriate for strength and speed training?
Select one or more:
a.
Incline treadmill
b.
Uphill sprinting
c.
Trotting up inclines or stairs
d.
Pulling a resistance load
e.
Swimming against jets
Uphill sprinting Incline treadmill Pulling a resistance load Swimming against jets Trotting up inclines or stairs
Prerequisites for a prosthesis include which of the following? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Stump must be healthy
b.
Limbs must have proper innervation motor control
c.
Joint motion must be compatible with limb use
d.
Forelimb must have humerus, elbow and proximal 3/4 of the antebrachium
e.
Patient must have functional limbs
Forelimb must have humerus, elbow and proximal 1/3 of the antebrachium
The correct answers are:
Patient must have functional limbs
Limbs must have proper innervation motor control
Joint motion must be compatible with limb use
Stump must be healthy
An ideal prosthesis would have which of the following features? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Waterproof
b.
Easy to close (or tighten) and open (or loosen)
c.
Soft contact layer to avoid skin abrasions
d.
Offers good traction on all surfaces
e.
Durable with a wear resistant sole
f.
Pylon stiff and strong enough to allow the dog to run
The correct answers are:
Easy to close (or tighten) and open (or loosen)
Soft contact layer to avoid skin abrasions
Pylon stiff and strong enough to allow the dog to run
Waterproof
Offers good traction on all surfaces
Durable with a wear resistant sole
Management of orthoses and prostheses include which of the following? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:
a.
Check the device daily
b.
Clean the device daily
c.
Check the dog’s skin daily for abrasions and irritations
d.
Assess the wear of surfaces that contact the ground
The correct answers are:
Check the dog’s skin daily for abrasions and irritations
Check the device daily
Clean the device daily
Assess the wear of surfaces that contact the ground
Rigid orthoses are most commonly used on which areas?
Select one:
a.
Elbow or knee
b.
Shoulder or Hip
c.
Carpus or hock
: Carpus or hock
